V4 recap grammar unit 3 + 4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Unit 3 + 4

Unit 3 

• Gerund
• (future)
• (Simple past/past continuous)
• (used to/would)
• direct/indirect speech
• (present perfect  continuous)
• Vocabulary + extra (wordformation)

Unit 4

• TENSES (IRREGULAR VERBS !!!!!!)
• auxiliaries (moeten/willen)
• (continuous forms)
• (genitive)
• (wordorder)
• prepositions
• (indefinite pronouns some/any)
• vocabulary + extra (prefixes) 

What is a Gerund?

1. A verb
2. A noun
3. A noun acting as a verb
4. A verb acting as a noun

A Gerund is...

1. I'm afraid smoking isn't allowed.
2. I love smoking outside.
3. I was smoking a cigarette.
4. That girl is smoking hot!

Wanneer gebruik je de gerund?

1. Na werkwoorden die een wens uitdrukken
2. Om aan te geven dat iets op dit moment gebeurt.
3. Na specifieke woorden
4. Als iets in het verleden gebeurt is en nu nog steeds aan de gang is

Infinitive or gerund? 

Has Jack decided........................ a book? 

1. to write
2. writing

In which of these sentences has the gerund been used correctly?

1. They stopped seeing each other. They weren't in love any longer.
2. They stopped seeing the beautiful flowers by the side of the road.
3. I'm having a relaxing bath later this evening.
4. Do we keep on walking or are we going to stop somewhere?

gerund or infinitive?
I don't mind ... up early.

1. to getting
2. to get
3. getting
4. gets

Gebruik de gerund:

They enjoy _________ (to swim).

1. swiming
2. swims
3. swimming
4. swam

gerund or infinitive?
She continued ... about her accomplishments.

1. brags
2. to brag
3. bragging
4. to bragging

gerund or infinitive?
I am fond of ....

1. sking
2. to ski
3. skying
4. skiing

Direct / indirect speech

Indirect speech

Direct / indirect speech

Fill in the correct indirect speech:
John: "I like to cook."

Change into indirect speech - Mike said: 'I went to school yesterday.'

Turn the sentence to indirect speech:
''Where is your sister?'' she asked me.

Past & present simple - present perfect & past perfect 

simple  vs continuous (progressive) tenses

Simple vs continuous tenses

Difference simple vs continuous tenses

continuous tenses emphasize DURATION (exception = present continuous)

(signal words: all this time, for years, for past hours etc.)

• was/were working = past continuous (a long time/or it felt like a long time in the past; alreading going on in the past - interruption = past simple)
• has/have been working = present perfect continuous (started in the past up to NOW, all this time up till now)
• had been working = past perfect continuous (a longer time in the earlier past; all this time before a certain moment in the past)

NOTE!!!  is/are + hele ww + ing = present continuous = right now/irritation/future arrangement

She is working right now; She is always nagging about him (irritation); She is flying to New York tomorrow (future arrangement)

 auxiliaries moeten/willen 

• must - (noodzaak/bevel) alleen tegenwoordige tijd    ook: logische gevolgtrekking              mustn't = niet mogen - bevel
• have to ( noodzaak/bevel, alle tijden)                            don't have to- niet nodig (needn't)
• should/shouldn't (advies/eigenlijk moeten)

• want somebody to - opdracht of bevel: willen dat
• make somebody - opdracht of bevel: dwingen  (laten doen)
• would like somebody to - vriendelijk verzoek: graag willen
• mind (ww+ing) - bereid zijn, (best) willen     (gerund!)
• be willing to - bereid zijn, willen
• would rather = liever 

Want / make / would like / mind of willing?

1 Een verzoek doen aan iemand anders:

dwingend

∇

to make someone

+ hele ww.                           My mum made me do the washing-up.   Mijn moeder dwong me de afwas te doen.

∇

to want someone to

+ hele ww.                           My mum wants me to do the washing-up, but I don't feel like it.  Mijn moeder wil dat de afwas doe,

                                                maar ik heb geen zin.

∇

would like someone to

+ hele ww                             My mum would like me to do the washing-up.    Mijn moeder wil graag dat ik de afwas doe.

niet dwingend

met enige tegenzin

∇

(not) mind

+ hele ww

+ -ing

My sister doesn't mind

helping people.

Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om

mensen te helpen.

∇

be willing to

+ hele ww

My sister is always

willing to help people.

Mijn zus is altijd bereid

mensen te helpen.

∇

would rather

+ hele ww

My sister would rather

help people than sit in an office.

Mijn zus helpt liever mensen

dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag

would (not) mind / be willing to / would rather

2. Aangeven wat je zelf wilt

met enige tegenzin

∇

(not) mind

+ hele ww

+ -ing.              My sister doesn't mind helping people.       Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om mensen te helpen.

∇

be willing to

+ hele ww.      My sister is always willing to help people.    Mijn zus is altijd bereid. mensen te helpen.

∇

would rather

+ hele ww.       My sister would rather help people than sit in an office.   Mijn zus helpt liever mensen dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag

Past modal questions:
They ______ her bike. That was mean

1. shouldn't have stolen
2. didn't have to steal
3. needn't have stolen
4. they mustn't have stolen

Select the correct modal:
The teacher says we always .......... bring our books to class.

1. Must
2. Could
3. Can
4. Have to

What does this modal verb describe?

You had better study for your upcoming test!

1. necessity
2. probability
3. prohibition
4. ability

Choose correct translation:
She (wilde best helpen)_____ with doing the dishes.

1. doesn't mind helping
2. is willing to help
3. didn't mind helping
4. was willing to help

My classmates (mogen niet)_______ cheat on their test.

1. don't have to
2. shouldn't
3. needn't
4. mustn't

My husband (laat mij) ______ walk the dog when it rains.

1. wants me to
2. likes me to
3. makes me to
4. is willing to

Prepositions (pages 85-87 reference book)

Pay attention to different meanings in Dutch/English 

vocabulary extra 

Unit 3: Word formation (verb, adjective or noun)

               study ex. 15 (page 116)

Unit 4: prefixes (short part added to the beginning of a word to                   change meaning)

                example: worked = overworked / write = rewrite

                Study ex. 5 (page 157/158)

What now? 

Finish whatever exercises you haven't done

Work on versterk jezelf for those parts of the grammar that you didn't do well.

Do the test jezelf for each lesson to check if you understand grammar/vocabulary well enough.