5ML 2022 Romanticism: intro

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 6

1785 - 1830

OBJECTIVES

• Review the things you need to study for the 19th century literature test
• You can situate the Romantic period in time and space.
• You can sum up characteristics of the Romantic period.
• You can compare the Romantic period and its previous literary period
• Time to work on your presentations (if there's any left)

Test information

• Reader + notes / presentations (I'll upload these on SomToday)
• Notes, if any
• Answers to questions about the works we'll discuss
• Main aim:
• Understanding of the literary periods + influential works
• Broader understanding of how society changed over time, due to both external and internal factors

INTRODUCTION

• Timeline 
• Quiz 

More information about the Victorian Era

Find them in the extension part of this lesson!

The pages have a red colour.

More information about the Transcendentalist movement

Find them in the extension pages of this lesson!

These pages are green.

Wat do you think of when you hear the word ROMANTIC?

How romantic are you?

Answer the questions.
Write down how many times you tick off A or B.

The answer to life's most puzzling questions can be reached by talking to

1. a simple person who lives close to nature
2. a well-educated person from the city

Which is more important?

1. using your imagination
2. thinking rationally

Which is more important?

1. subjectivity (personally biased)
2. objectivity (unbiased)

Poetry should be

1. spontaneous and full of emotion
2. planned and straightforward

Which is better?

1. dare to be
2. dare to know

Tally up your numbers A's & B's.

1. I'm team 'A', I'm a bloody romantic!
2. I'm team 'B', I'm not a romantic at all

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTICISM

Watch the video, highlight keywords in the text (worksheets p. 2)

02:37

Would you rather have lived during the Enlightenment or during the Romantic Era?

during the Enlightenment

during the Romantic Era

03:20

www.merriam-webster.com

Enlightenment or Romantic Era?

(Also look at the attributes!)

Enlightenment

Romanic Era

Dream, heaven, angels

Which characteristics of the Romantic Era does this painting evoke?

countryside - nature

Which characteristics of the Romantic Era does this painting evoke?

Most important:

Evaluation

Romanticism emerged as a reaction against ...

1. The nuclear arms race
2. The Cold War and Cuban Missile Crisis
3. The spread of the Black Plague
4. The Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution

After what big event in 1789 did Romanticism emerge?

1. World war I
2. The French revolution
3. Industrial Revolution
4. The Boston tea party

What is NOT an important key feature of Romanticism?

1. Politics
2. Nature
3. Passion for love
4. Supernatural

Which characteristic doesn't belong to the Romantic Period

1. nature
2. innocence
3. supernatural
4. war

When did the Romantic period take place?

1. 1700-1800
2. 1750-1830
3. 1830-1900
4. 1066 - 1502

• EXTENSION

• Transcendentalism
• The Victorian Era

TRANSCENDENTALISM

AN INTRODUCTION

When something 'transcends' something else, what does it do?

Can you change who you are? Or is the concept of 'you' unchangeable?

Transcendentalism (1820s-1850s)

- Five 'pillars': non-conformity, self-reliance, free thought, confidence, and the importance of nature. 

- The 'Over-Soul': everyone is eternally connected with every other living thing in the universe.

Transcendentalism (1820s-1850s)

The Victorian Age 

1830-1900

The Victorian Age

• Started around 1830 ended in early 20th century
• Named after Queen Victoria (1837 - 1901)
• Britain: great economic and political power: "The empire on which the sun never set" - the white men's burden
• From 1830s: laws aimed at reform (Reform Bills, Poor Laws, educational laws)
  
• Yet: period of great social inequality: rich vs poor ("the two nations", men vs women ("Victorian double standard")

Queen Victoria (1819-1901)  Reign: 1837-1901

• Longest reign in British history after Queen Elizabeth II.
  
• Queen at the age of 18.
• She restored people’s faith in the monarchy after a series of horrible leaders.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, who became Prince-consort.
• After he died in 1861, she sank into a deep depression and wore black every day for the rest of her life.

The British Empire

Where the sun never sets

• Greatest nation on Earth
  
• Cf. image
• Very large navy and merchant fleet 
• The English felt it was their duty to bring English values, laws, customs, and religion to the “savage” races around the world

Social inequality

• Population increase 
• Search for employment
  
• Child Labour & Child crime
• Housing shortage
  
• Slum housing
  
• Poor sanitary conditions
  
• Destitution
  
• Homeless children
  
• Workhouses
  

Victorian literature - the novel

• The age of the novel
• Growing audience for "true stories"
• Greater wealth (rise of the middle classes)
• Better education (rise in literacy)
• Instalment system (novels published in serial form)

Victorian literature - Poetry

• A continuation of the Romantic period
• Themes: nature  / the past / the human spirit

• Important poets:

1. Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809 - 1892)
2. Robert Browning (1812 - 1889)

Important authors

• Charles Dickens
• The Brontë Sisters
• George Eliot
• Thomas Hardy
• Oscar Wilde