LJ 2 - Development of the aircraft

Lesson 11: The development of the aircraft
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In deze les zitten 34 slides, met interactieve quizzen en tekstslides.

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Lesson 11: The development of the aircraft

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Lesson goals
  • Reading strategy (scanning): You can name the different parts of the aircraft.
  • Reading: You can explain how people developed the motorized aircraft with the use of reading strategies.
  • Grammar: You can implement time expressions, the past simple and the past continuous in a story.




Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Regular vs irregular

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

What is a regular verb in the past simple?
A
It is always the same; a regular verb always ends with -ed
B
It is always the same; a regular verb always ends with -s

Slide 9 - Quizvraag

You use a past simple when...

A
Something happened in the past.
B
Something happens every day.
C
Something will happen in the future.
D
Something hasn't happened yet.

Slide 10 - Quizvraag

Past Continuous (for regular verbs) is:
A
was/were + infinitive form
B
was/were + -ing form
C
verb + -ing
D
verb + ed

Slide 11 - Quizvraag

Choose the correct tense:
'past simple' or 'past continuous'.

We travelled a lot last summer.
A
past simple
B
past continuous

Slide 12 - Quizvraag

Which sentence is the past continuous?
A
I worked at home last week
B
I was working at home, when the doorbell rang
C
I am working at home at the moment
D
I work at home every day

Slide 13 - Quizvraag

Choose the correct form of past (simple or continuous).

Keeping up with her was quite difficult.
A
past simple
B
past continuous

Slide 14 - Quizvraag

Time expressions
The present – permanent
Use the present simple tense to refer to permanent situations in the present.
  • now live in a small town.
  • Nowadays I live in a small town.
  • These days, I don’t have much of a social life.
The present – temporary
Use the present continuous tense to refer to temporary situations in the present.
  • At present / At the moment I’m living in a small town.
  • For the time being I’m living in a small town, but I hope to move soon.


Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Time expressions
Talking about a period of time in the past
  • My mother started work as a nurse in the 1960s.
  • In those days she lived in London.
  • Back then nurses were badly paid.
  • At that time, nurses lived in special accommodation.

Talking about a single event in the past
  • At one time she lost her door key and had to stay in a hotel.
  • On one occasion she nursed the son of a famous politician.


Slide 16 - Tekstslide

Time expressions
Sequencing events in the past
There are many ways to sequence events in the past. Here are some of the more common ones.
  • I went shopping after I finished work.
  • I worked all day in the office. Afterwards / After that, I went shopping.
  • I went shopping. After a while, I got bored.
  • I worked before I went shopping.I went shopping at 6pm. Before that / Previously / Until then I had worked all day in the office.
  • I worked all day, then I went shopping.I was desperate to go shopping by the time I had finished work.
  • I worked until 6pm. By then / By that time, I was glad for the opportunity to go shopping.
Other expressions to refer to the next event in a story
I worked and then went shopping. Later on I met some friends for pizza.
  • I waited for a while in the restaurant. Before long, the waiter came up and asked me…
  • At that moment / Suddenly, I heard the door slam.
  • Meanwhile / At the same time / Simultaneously my phone started to ring.

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Slide 18 - Link

Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Find seven words connected with airplanes and flights in the word search

Exercise 2: Now look at this diagram of a jet fighter. Finish labelling the diagram using six words from the word search.

timer
10:00

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Exercise 1:

Across: engine, radar, display, tank, foreplane
Down: missile
Diagonally upper left to bottom right: airbrake

Exercise 2

  1. A) Engine
  2. B) Airbrake
  3. C) Display
  4. D) Radar
  5. E) Foreplane
  6. F) Tank

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Scanning the text
When you’re scanning, it helps to think in terms of targets. Here are some other tips:
First read your questions before you start using this technique!!  
  • Look at the title and the pictures. This will give you a clue about the most important information, the subject of the text and the structure.
  • Scan for the two or three search terms that describe the information you want. You can recognize terms more readily on the page if you have them in mind while you scan.
  • Read the context. When you found a word that you were looking for, read the sentence before and after that word to know more about the subject.
  • Look at all italicized words. According to popular publishing convention, authors often italicize and explain terms the first time they use them.
Go to exercise 3, scan the text and answer the questions.

timer
15:00

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

Exercise 3: Reading 
1. Whose invention and solution to technical problems in flight led to a quick development in military and civil aviation?
2. What are the three problems which needed a solution before people could fly?
3. What type of wings did they first develop for an aircraft, which weren’t effective?
4. Did people already understand which forces had to be overcome to fly a plane, before a working airplane was developed?
5. Who was the first person to experiment with fixed wings on an aircraft?
6. Was the first person who flew the first recorded manned flight happy about this?
7. Which invention would have a profound effect on the study of wings and the development of improved airfoils?

Slide 22 - Tekstslide

Exercise 3: Reading 
8. What kind of plane did Otto Lilienthal build?
9. Why did the Wright brothers not focus on wing design at first?
10. Name two kinds of propulsion systems that people used or came up with for sustained powered flights in the 19th century.
11. Explain what proves that Karl Woelfert’s open-flame ignition system was dangerous.
12. The engine developed by Langley was far superior over the engine the Wright brothers designed. Why did it not matter that the Wright brother’s engine wasn’t as powerful?
13. Which of the three elements of control (pitch, yaw or roll) was the most difficult to achieve? Roll (balancing the wingtips or banking the aircraft).
14. What is the hang-gliding technique?
15. Why did other developers of plane rejected the idea that the pilot would have complete control over the aircraft?
16. What is the following technique called ‘the pilot could induce a twist across the upper and lower wings in either direction, thus increasing the lift on one side and decreasing it on the other’.

Slide 23 - Tekstslide

Exercise 3: Reading 
1. Whose invention and solution to technical problems in flight led to a quick development in military and civil aviation?
The Wright brothers fixed the problems of flight and build the first working aircraft. After that, things went fast.
2. What are the three problems which needed a solution before people could fly?
Those which relate to the construction of the sustaining wings. Those which relate to the generation and application of the power required to drive the machine through the air. Those relating to the balancing and steering of the machine after it is actually in flight.
3. What type of wings did they first develop for an aircraft, which weren’t effective?
Wings designed to simulate the wings of a bird. The aircraft was a machine in which flapping wings generated both lift and propulsion.

Slide 24 - Tekstslide

4. Did people already understand which forces had to be overcome to fly a plane, before a working airplane was developed?
Yes, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei in Italy, Christiaan Huygens in the Netherlands, and Isaac Newton in England all contributed to an understanding of the relationship between resistance (drag) and such factors as the surface area of an object exposed to the stream and the density of a fluid.
5. Who was the first person to experiment with fixed wings on an aircraft?
George Cayley, an English baronet
6. Was the first person who flew the first recorded manned flight happy about this?
No, it was the servant of George Cayley and he was very reluctant.
7. Which invention would have a profound effect on the study of wings and the development of improved airfoils?
The wind tunnel

Slide 25 - Tekstslide

8. What kind of plane did Otto Lilienthal build?
A series of monoplane and biplane gliders
9. Why did the Wright brothers not focus on wing design at first?
Already a lot of research had been done on wing designs and people had built successful gliders in the past.
10. Name two kinds of propulsion systems that people used or came up with for sustained powered flights in the 19th century.
A steam-engine, an internal-combustion engine, a compressed-gas propulsion system and a lightweight high-speed gasoline engine.
11. Explain what proves that Karl Woelfert’s open-flame ignition system was dangerous.
He died himself when an internal-combustion engine set a much larger airship on fire in 1897.

Slide 26 - Tekstslide

12. The engine developed by Langley was far superior over the engine the Wright brothers designed. Why did it not matter that the Wright brother’s engine wasn’t as powerful?
They had developed an engine that produced exactly the power required to propel their flyer of 1903.
13. Which of the three elements of control (pitch, yaw or roll) was the most difficult to achieve? Roll (balancing the wingtips or banking the aircraft).
14. What is the hang-gliding technique?
Here the pilot shifted his weight in order to alter the position of the center of gravity of the machine with regard to the center of pressure.



Slide 27 - Tekstslide

15. Why did other developers of plane rejected the idea that the pilot would have complete control over the aircraft?
They feared that pilots would be overwhelmed by the difficulty of controlling a machine moving in three dimensions.
16. What is the following technique called ‘the pilot could induce a twist across the upper and lower wings in either direction, thus increasing the lift on one side and decreasing it on the other’.
Wing warping


Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Homework: Vocabulary and grammar
Exercise 4: Underline the time expression in each sentence.
Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with the right vocabulary
Exercise 6: Look at each sentence at exercise 5 and decide which plane it describes. Write (B) next to the sentences that describe the Bristol Brabazon Airliner and (C) next to the sentences that describe the Custer Channel Wing. Compare your answers with your partner.

Slide 29 - Tekstslide

Exercise 4 - answers
  1. By the end of 1969
  2. Until the 1970s
  3. No longer
  4. Finally / a year later
  5. After three years’ work
  6. While
  7. Then / for the next 12 months
  8. Initially
  9. From that moment on
  10. Since the beginning

Slide 30 - Tekstslide

Exercise 5 

  1. Wingspan
  2. Passengers
  3. Cabin
  4. Speeds
  5. Hangar
  6. Prototypes
  7. Production
  8. Take off

Exercise 6

  1. B
  2. B
  3. C
  4. C
  5. B
  6. C
  7. B
  8. B

Slide 31 - Tekstslide

Optional Homework: Writing
Exercise 7: Choose one of the aircraft. You are a historian who has to write a report about the development of the aircraft. Write a short history of the airplane. Include:
  • The name and origin of the aircraft
  • Who developed it
  • What the purpose of the aircraft was and at what time period people flew with the aircraft
  • Name three characteristics of the plane
  • Explain why it is no longer in use

Slide 32 - Tekstslide

Slide 33 - Link

Slide 34 - Tekstslide