A Sentence/A Clause
A sentence is a word or usually a group of words beginning with a capital letter and ends with:
a full stop: .
a question mark: ?
an exclamation mark: !
A Sentence/A Clause
A sentence is a word or usually a group of words beginning with a capital letter and ends with:
a full stop: .
a question mark: ?
an exclamation mark: !
The Trio Sentence Types
Simple sentences
I live in Vienna.
2. Compound sentences
John plays football and he often scores a goal.
3. Complex sentences
After visiting the zoo, Elia felt thirsty, so he decided to make himself some homemade ice-tea.
Types of sentences (according to meaning)
1. Declarative sentences -> She speaks English. (+)
-> She does not speak English. (-)
2. Interrogative sentences -> Do you speak English? (+)
-> Does she not speak English? (-)
3. Imperative sentences -> Shut the door! (+)
-> Do not walk on the grass! (-)
4. Exclamatory sentences -> She's awesome! (+)
-> Wasn't that wonderful! (-)
Each of these types of sentences can be either Affirmative (+) or Negative (-)
Word Order
The One and Only:
(1) Subject (2) Verb (3) Object
These general groups of words can be a single word each or entire phrases. This is especially true for the object part of the sentence structure, which can represent any complement to the verb, plus, additional information.
Sentence Structure/ Positive statements
PUT IN THE CORRECT ORDER! 1. house/we/moved 2. look / very tired / you 3. really wants / Peter / his best friend's car 4. won't know what to do / the angry students /until they get their schedule
Sentence Structure - Questions
Questions are formed by 'kicking' the first verb in front of the subject. The rest of the sentence usually follows standard word order.
To form questions we usually add an auxiliary verb before the subject. This varies depending on tenses and the information asked for.
He walks to school. -> Does he walk to school? (ONLY 1 'lazy verb')
CAUTION! The verb to be, which is placed before the subject to form a question, is the ONLY verb which isn't lazy! It performs all the types of sentences
He is very sad. -> Is he very sad?
Questions formed with Question Words
Questions can also be formed with special Wh- words .
LET'S APPLY CORRECT WORD ORDER: 1. time / it / to go home / is / ? 2. the Prime Minister / do/ you/ know/ ? 3. with me / you / do / to go / want / to the OLC/ ? 4. help / my email account / can / anyone / me / with / ?
Negative Structures
Negative sentences are formed by adding not after the main verb.
He is not listening.
The rest of the sentence follows standard structure rules.
Negative sentences often require an auxiliary verb, such as be, do or have.
In these sentences, not 'marries' the auxiliary verb creating a contraction, but before any other verbs.
Negative sentences with auxiliary verbs
I am not ('m not) going to Spanish class.
He does not (doesn't) know the answer.
Do not (don't) forget your laptop.
Not should directly follow the main verb; no other words should come between a negative verb form.
I do not (don't) understand the question.
Negative Questions
For negative questions, the (first) verb is placed before the subject, and not joins it. These are used to confirm information, express surprise or make polite offers. They are common in spoken English.
Paul is not paying attention. -> Isn't Paul paying attention?
We are not late for our class. -> Aren't we late for our class?
;ET'S DO IT! 1. Jerome / not / a nice person / is / ? 2. not / the truth / is / he / telling / ? 3. coming back / they / not / next week / are / ? 4. not / finished / have / the new ICT lab /they?
Is the word order in this sentence correct? I write every morning my reports at my desk.
Incorrect
Correct