Chapter 9 The Development of Academic Motivation

• Human Growth & Development

Chapter 9 The Development Of Academic Motivation

By: Khadiyjah White 

What Is Motivation? 

Motivation is defined as “a process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal” (Cacioppo & Freberg, 2013)

Cacioppo, J.T. & Freberg, L.A. (2013). Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind. Canada: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 

An important goal of many educators is to keep students motivated. 

Academic Motivation 

•  In general, students like and value school less, and are less interested in school and what is studied in school, the more that they experience in school ( e.g., Eccles et al., 1989; Linnenbrink-Grcia & Patall, 2016; Lepper, Corpus, & Iyengar,2005; Usher,2016; Wigfield,1994; Wigfield & Eccles,1992; Wigfield, Eccels, Mac Iver, Reuman, & Midgley,1991). 

What is Academic Motivation?

• A child who is academically motivated wants to learn, likes learning-related activities, and believes school is important. We want to help children develop a desire to do well in school because the children believe that learning is important and rewarding in their lives. 

List Three Things That Motivates You Academically.

list the two types of academic motivation? 

• Intrinsic motivation (IM) refers  to the fat of doing an activity for itself, and the pleasure and satisfaction derived from participation.  
• Extrinsic Motivation (EM)  pertains to a wide variety of behaviors which are engaged in as a means to an end and for their own sake. 

What do teachers do to increase the likelihood that their students will be motivated?

How Do Motivating Teachers Motivate Their Students

• Despite the fact that motivation declines during the elementary school years and beyond for many students, many other students stay motivated. What do teachers do to increase likelihood that their students will be motivated. 
• Engaging teachers flood their classrooms with motivating instruction, doing something to motivate students every minute of every hour of ever day, using all of the positive motivational mechanisms covered in chapter.

How Do Motivating Teachers Motivate Their Students

One of the important abstract about this chapter is that

• Contemporary development and educational psychologists focus more on cognitive factors affecting motivation, such as a children's beliefs and perceptions, including how competent they feel about performing a task.  

Why Might Academic Motivation Decline with In Increasing Grade in School? 

• student achievement is linked to their desire to learn. Because motivation tends to  decrease during lower secondary school, one may expect performance to suffer during this time. Whether or if this pattern exists has been a mystery until now. We looked at student performance during the early years of secondary school from a developmental standpoint in this study. 

Predictions 

• One of the best predictors of student academic achievement is student perceptions of their own academic abilities. 

What is Self- Efficacy? 

• Is the ability to perform a task. High self- efficacy is a subject area that is important because it motivates students to attempt to do the same task over again. 

Who is the theorist of Academic Motivation?

1. John Dewey
2. Lev Vygotsky
3. B.F. Skinner
4. All Of The Above

Development of self- efficacy belief 

• Academic self- efficacy is important in determining academic motivation and academic motivation, which declines with advancing grade level.
• In fact students expectancies for academic success do decline with advancing grade levels.

What is Attribution? 

• It is a factor that considers analyzing school motivation is the explanations which students make for their success and failures.  

Attributions, Learning Difficulties, and Learning Disabilities 

• researchers have studied the role of attributions in motivating the academic efforts of students who experience difficulties in school. For example the one hand children with learning disabilities were much more likely to believe that with effort they would be able to succeed in school. 

Pros 

• It is important for educators to keep students motivated.

Cons 

• Motivation is the trend of declining academic motivation with increasing of the age throughout the years. ( for example as students get to higher grade levels they interest by being in school.) 

Vocabulary 

Attributions- Explanations for behavior, often for successes or failures. 

Ego involvement - A determination of success whereby students compare their performances to those of others. 

Fixed mindset- The brief that intelligence is fixed, not malleable. 

Growth mindset- The belief that intelligence is modifiable by experience. 

Intrinsic motivation- Motivation generated within the learner. 

Macrosystem- In ecological systems theory, the cultural influences affecting a child. 

Mastery goal orientation- Motivation to learn, to develop knowledge.  

Self-efficacy- A learner's perception of his or her capability of reaching a desired goal or a certain level of performance.