Grammar TH

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Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Grammar TH
Unit 6 
  1. passive
  2. if-sentences
  3. adverbs + adjectives
  4. werkwoordstijden





    Slide 2 - Tekstslide

    1. Passive
    BASISREGEL passive = vorm 'to be' + vtdw 

    Per tijd:
    1) present simple (tt)      am/are/is   + vtdw
    2) past simple (vt)           was/were    + vtdw 
    3) present perfect          have/has  +  been  + vtdw
    4) past perfect                 had   +   been  + vtdw
    5) future                             will   +   be   + vtdw




    Slide 3 - Tekstslide

    Passive - 1/2 (uitgebreid)
    ACTIVE (A) + PASSIVE (P)                 basisregel passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.
    (A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet
    Present simple 1/5
    (A) I do my homework. / (P) My homework is done (by me).  do = tt > tt van to be = am/are/is + vtdw van do = done
    Past simple 2/5
    A) The spider built the web. / (P) The web was built (by the spider). built = vt > vt van to be = was/were + vtdw van built = built
    Present perfect 3/5
    (A) We have done the dishes. / (P) The dishes have been done (by us).  have done = pr. perf. > pr. perf. van to be = have/has been + vtdw van done = done

    Slide 4 - Tekstslide

    Passive - 2/2 (uitgebreid)
    ACTIVE (A) + PASSIVE (P)                         basisregel passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.
    (A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

    Past perfect 4/5
    (A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned

    Future 5/5
    A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

    Slide 5 - Tekstslide

    Passive 
    (A) active vs. (P) passive                 passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.
    (A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

    Past perfect 4/5
    (A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned
    Future 5/5
    A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

    Passive - samengevat
    - Present simple 1/5
    (A) I do my homework. / (P) My homework is done (by me). do = tt > tt van to be = am/are/is + vtdw van do = done
    - Past simple 2/5
    A) The spider built the web. / (P) The web was built (by the spider). built = vt > vt van to be = was/were + vtdw van built = built
    - Present perfect 3/5
    (A) We have done the dishes. / (P) The dishes have been done (by us). have done = pr. perf. > pr. perf. van to be = have/has been + vtdw van done = done
    - Past perfect 4/5
    (A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me). had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned
    - Future 5/5
    A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed

    Slide 6 - Tekstslide

    extra ex. 1 - passive
    1. Many tickets ... (to sell) last week.
    2. He told me yesterday the door ..... ( to paint) two weeks ago.
    3. Every year holidays .... (to book).
    4. Careful, the door ... (to paint)!
    5. Next year that house ... (to buy) by us.
    6. The Beatles ... (to think) to be the best band in history.
    7. It .... (to do) before we expected it.
    8. Don't worry, the dishes ... (to do - already).
    9. The homework ... (to make) tonight.
    10. It .. (to expect) of him last year.

    Slide 7 - Tekstslide

    extra ex. 1 - passive
    1. Many tickets ... (to sell) last week. were sold
    2. He told me yesterday the door ..... ( to paint) two weeks ago. had been painted
    3. Every year holidays .... (to book). are booked
    4. Careful, the door ... (to paint)! has been painted
    5. Next year that house ... (to buy) by us. will be bought
    6. The Beatles ... (to think) to be the best band in history. are thought
    7. It .... (to do) before we expected it. had been done
    8. Don't worry, the dishes ... (to do - already). have already been done
    9. The homework ... (to make) tonight. will be made
    10. It .. (to expect) of him last year. was expected

    Slide 8 - Tekstslide

    extra ex. 2 - passive
    A - active to passive
    1. The students study for all the subjects.
    2. We had eaten plenty of food.
    3. She told him a lie.
    4. Finally, I have finished my homework.
    B - fill in: passive
    1. Yesterday, all the food ... (eten).
    2. Until now, nothing ... (doen).
    3. No medications ... (voorschrijven) by the doctor tomorrow.
    4. Before we met, that movie ... (zien) by her.

    Slide 9 - Tekstslide

    extra ex. 2 - passive
    A - active to passive
    1. The students study for all the subjects.  All the subjects are studied for.
    2. We had eaten plenty of food.                        Plenty of food had been eaten.
    3. She told him a lie.                                              A lie was told.
    4. Finally, I have finished my homework.      My homework has been finished.
    B - fill in: passive
    1. Yesterday, all the food ... (eten).                                                              was eaten
    2. Until now, nothing ... (doen).                                                                     has been done
    3. No medications ... (voorschrijven) by the doctor tomorrow.     will be prescribed
    4. Before we met, that movie ... (zien) by her.                                        had been seen

    Slide 10 - Tekstslide

    2. if-sentences
    1) if + present simple / will + hele ww    =  het is mogelijk
    If I win this race tonight, I will get a prize.          OF       I will get a prize, if I win this race.
    VB toets:           I ....... (to let) you go out, if you follow the rules.

    2) if + past simple / would + hele ww    = het is niet waarschijnlijk
    If I won the lottery, I would buy a Ferrari.        OF  andersom
    VB toets:         If she ....... (to have) enough time, she would go to the gym.

    3) if + past perfect / would have + vtdw  = het is onmogelijk > praat achteraf
    If I had won the race, I would have been happy.       OF andersom
    VB toets:         If I ....... (to meet) her before, I wouldn't have introduced myself.

    Slide 11 - Tekstslide

    3. adverbs + adjectives
    - adjectives (bijvoeglijk naamwoord): zegt iets over het zelfstandig naamwoord
    het aardige meisje (the nice girl) - de populaire zanger (the popular singer)
    --> getal > streepje: the 8-year-old boy

    - adverbs (bijwoord): zegt iets over: 1) bijv.nw. 2) hele zin 3) ander bijwoord 4) werkwoord
    regelmatig tennissen (play tennis regularly) - deur voorzichtig openen (open the door carefully) 
    > HOE iets gebeurt
    > meestal +LY: regular > regularly / careful > carefully / happy > happily
    > uitzonderingen: good > well / hard > hard / fast > fast

    Slide 12 - Tekstslide

    4. Werkwoordstijden
    present simple   -  feiten, regelmatig - stam (+s)    -    I often watch TV.

    present cont.    -   nu bezig   -  am/are/is + ing    - I am talking right now.

    past simple       -  verleden (afgerond)   - ed/irr.   -   We walked there/saw him  yesterday.

    past cont.       -   verleden (aan de gang)  -  was/were + ing  -   We were talking on the phone yesterday evening.


    Slide 13 - Tekstslide

    pres. perf.           -  verleden begonnen, nog bezig OF invloed op heden - have/has + vtdw  -  I've worked there for 2 years. (nog steeds dus) for/since

    pres. perf. cont. - present perfect + nadruk tijdsduur -  have/has + been + ing - I've been waiting for one hour.

    past perfect  -   handeling vóór andere handeling in verleden -  had + vtdw -  He had already seen (1e) me when I waved (2e) at him.

    Slide 14 - Tekstslide

    Passive 
    (A) active vs. (P) passive                 passive = vorm to be + vt.dw.
    (A) iemand doet iets / (P) iets wordt gedaan > onbekend/onbelangrijk wie het doet

    Past perfect 4/5
    (A) I had warned you. / (P) You had been warned (by me).  had warned = past perf. > past perf. van to be = had been + vtdw van warned = warned
    Future 5/5
    A) They will inform him. / (P) He will be informed (by them). will inform = future > future van to be = will be + vtdw van inform = informed



    WILL
    - choice or decision made at the time of speaking / promise / prediction - I will stay home tonight

    GOING TO - something you’ve decided to do / people’s intentions (plans can be general) / prediction based on evidence - It is going to rain.

    PRES. CONT. - arrangements / people’s programmes - I am watching that film tonight.

    PRES. SIM. - fixed schedule / time table - The train leaves at 8pm.

    Slide 15 - Tekstslide

    extra ex. 3 - mixed tenses
    1. Yesterday he ... (eten) all the food.
    2. .. you ... (denken) that he is nice?
    3. Before we .. (ontmoeten), she ... (zien) me once.
    4. I .. (uitlaten) the dog, when suddenly a tree .. (vallen) due to the storm.
    5. I hope you .. (helpen) me with my homework.
    6. She .. (breken) her arm, now she can't .. (doen) much.
    7. They .. (wachten) for you for hours!

      Slide 16 - Tekstslide

      extra ex. 3 - mixed tenses
      1. Yesterday he ... (eten) all the food. ate
      2. .. you ... (denken) that he is nice? do.. think
      3. Before we .. (ontmoeten), she ... (zien) me once. met - had seen
      4. I .. (uitlaten) the dog, when suddenly a tree .. (vallen) due to the storm. was walking - fell
      5. I hope you .. (helpen) me with my homework. will help/can help
      6. She .. (breken) her arm, now she can't .. (doen) much. has broken - do
      7. They .. (wachten) for you for hours! have been waiting

        Slide 17 - Tekstslide