1984 compressed

• Engels
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Goals for today 

8 lessons until EOYT 

4 lessons on 1984 & 4 lessons on paper 1 unseen text types (MB files) 

Reminder Orwell's style and concepts 

Importance of settings 

Proletariats as stereotypes and symbols 

Meeting with O'Brien - at last! 

Lisa

Dasha 

Oya

Cia 

Alexandra 

Sofia

Alessandro

Ilia

Elias

Bade

Mijntje

Ashwika

Nishtha

Mila

Ayla 

Sonny

Keesje

ConstanceMarlene

Janna

Liv 

Symon 

Orwell's techniques

• Description mainly focussed on setting
  
• All the senses are appealed to in the descriptive imagery
• Characterisation of the girl from the fiction department and O’Brien are symbolic of certain ways of being in this society. 
  
• Third person narration
  
• Use of free indirect discourse (speech)
  
• Link to contextual knowledge that the readers would recognise - London after the 2nd WW
  
• Elements of satire - making a recognisable political point 
  

free indirect discourse describes moments in a third-person narrative when the narrator becomes 'infected' by the perspective of one of its characters. The third-person narration drops into one of the characters internal perspectives. 

adapted: Raymond Malewitz Oregon State University 

Protagonist – memory is integral – “London had always been like this”​

Anger – jealousy, state of need, frustration, violence ​

Diary symbolises a private rebellion, remaining true to own soul, escape​

Hypocrite – purely private​

Discontent​

Relationships are brief and distant connections​

Parsons – dismissive​

O’Brian – connection imagined? ​

Misogyny – Orwell or character?​

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Ulcer – repression, poverty, rot​

‘Smallish and frail’ – anti-hero​

‘Ministry of Truth’ – ironic​

Gin, dark hunk of bread, cigarettes - poverty

AWL

Concepts HL language and literature 

Concepts we explored: 

Control, Rebellion, love, politics, sex 

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What is the significance of this object to your reading? 

Write in your exercise book in silence. 

Concepts HL language and literature 

Concepts we investigated last week: 

Control, Rebellion, love, politics, sex 

Write in your Teams notebook a maximum of five topics or concepts that you feel are investigated in this novel. 

From these we will generate the top five concepts for our study. 

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Sex in 1984 

"Unlike Winston, she [Julia] had grasped the inner meaning of the Party's sexual puritanism. It was not merely that the sex instinct created a world of its own which was outside the Party's control and which therefore had to be destroyed if possible. What was more important was that sexual privation induced hysteria, which was desirable because it could be transformed into war-fever and leader worship. The way she put it was: 

'When you make love you're using up energy; and afterwards you feel happy and don't give a damn for anything. They can't bear you to feel like that. They want you to be bursting with energy all the time. All this marching up and down and cheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour.'"

Part II chapter III pg 139 

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Draw what the room above Mr Charrington’s shop looks like. 

Label it with quotations from the text to show your evidence. 

pg 143 - 144 

Are there any significant objects or descriptions that you can identify? 

Are there any significant objects or descriptions that you can identify? 

Glass paperweight

Gate-leg table 

mahogany double bed

twelve-hour clock 

mantelpiece 

Rat-hole & rats 

Picture of St Clement's Dane church 

'but the room itself was sanctuary. It was as when Winston had gazed into the heart of the paperweight, with the feeling that it would be possible to get inside that glassy world, and that once inside it time could be arrested.' 

Fender

Oilstove

Saucepan

 Two  cups 

Bolster

The room is a place where Winston and Julia are able to create a space for themselves away from the everyday life of the party and Big Brother. It is typified by the inclusion of early twentieth century items which would have been recognised by the readers he was writing for. Winston and Julia try to create a life for themselves before Big Brother emerged, removing them from the pressures of the party and creating an idealised and unattainable relationship

Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting this setting with the previous description in Part 1 Chapter 1 of Winston's flat. (pg 3 - 4) Use evidence to support your ideas. 

The role of the setting 

Role of the proletariat

Who might they be?  

noun:

1. the class of wage earners, especially those who earn their living by manual labour or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class.
   
2. (in Marxist theory) the class of workers, especially industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive.
   
3. the lowest or poorest class of people, possessing no property, especially in ancient Rome.
   

source: adapted Wikipedia 

Look at the quote your group has been given 

What does the quotation tell us about…

1. Winston’s beliefs about the proles

2. The conditions the proles live in

3. The role the proles could play in this novel

pg 144

'The proles, normally apathetic about the war, were being lashed into one of their periodical frenzies of patriotism.' 

Part II chapter V

What is the significance of this description of the prole…

What is Orwell's intention; what is the purpose? 

• The proles are anonymous and have a timeless quality that members of the party do not, implying longevity for the proles. Foreshadows the limited time that Winston has with Julia. 
  
• This description implies that the proles embody human feeling and a more 'natural' way of life that Winston and Julia can only try to recreate and are denied by The Party and the system. 
  
• However, the proles as a whole are a passive force, without the desire to rebel and actually believe in The Party’s propaganda as much as Winston and Julia are meant to. 
  
• The proles appear to have a familial support network. This is something The Party members do not have. This makes The Party members vulnerable and isolated. 

Upload an image that represents the idea of a 'prole' in 1984

how does Winston feel about O’Brien? What does O'Brien symbolise? Part II chapter VI

Part II chapter VI

1. What pretence does O’Brien invent to get Winston to come to his home?
   
2. What is so shocking to Winston about their conversation?
   
3. What are the reader's concerns at the end of this chapter?
   
4. Do we sympathise with Winston’s dilemma?
   

Find textual references from chapter VI for these emotions 

Eagerness	Excitement	Concern	Fear	Resignation
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How does Orwell convey these emotions? 

Find textual references from chapter VI for these emotions 

Eagerness	Excitement	Concern	Fear	Resignation
'"Very much so,' said Winston, immediately seeng where this tended."	"His heart bounded violently."	"Any identifiable reference to him would have been mortally dangerous."	"Winstons heart stirred painfully." "like a foretaste of death" "Stepping into the dampness of a grave"	"He knew that sooner or later he would obey O'Brien's summons." "The working out of a process" "He had accepted it"

How does Orwell convey these emotions? 

Free indirect discourse

Significance of Part II chapter VI

The most important part of this section is Winston’s meeting with O’Brien, which Winston considers to be the most important event of his life. The meeting is brief, but it establishes O’Brien as an enigmatic and powerful figure. At this point we cannot tell whether he is trustworthy or treacherous, whether he is truly on Winston’s side or simply wants to trap him for the Party. In the end, Winston will discover the answer to that question in the place where there is no darkness.

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Homework for 12th June 

Watch the two short informative films on Goldstein's book and take notes. 

Read the article in MB files about North Korea. Take notes. 

Bring your notes to class tomorrow. 

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THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF OLIGARCHICAL COLLECTIVISM

BY 

EMMANUEL GOLDSTEIN 

Oligarchical collectivism

An oligarchy is a state governed by a small number of people; collectivism is the belief that land and the means of production should be owned by the community, not by individuals. 

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Winston reads chapter 1 and part of chapter 3 of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein. Chapter 1 "Ignorance is Strength" Chapter 3 "War is Peace" 

Read the article about North Korea 

1. What is the central idea of the article (articulated in one sentence)? 

2. How does the first paragraph contribute to the central idea of the article? 

3. Quote a sentence that best describes the relationship between North Korean citizens and their government. 

4.Why does the North Korean government punish political deviants? 

5. Quote a detail from the text that best describes how the North Korean government spreads its ideology. 

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Possible ideas for answers 

1. North Korea is an oppressive state that seeks to create unity by controlling its citizens actions at all times. 
   
2. The author provides an example of the power that the North Korean government has over citizens. 
   
3. "Because of its desire for ideological unity among all citizens, the North Korean government has an iron grip over the daily lives of its citizens." (paragraph 6) 
   
4. North Korea punishes those who disagree with their political ideology because they might undermine their principles. 
   
5. "From dawn to dusk, and from birth to death, the Korean people structure their lives around loyalty to the nation and to the Kims." 
   

Discuss in your group your ideas on these questions

• Why do the North Korean citizens not rise up and overthrow their government? 
  
• How does the North Korean government resist change ?
  
• Why do North Korean people follow the crowd? 
  
• The goal of communism in theory is to create a state that is so equal,  that it does not require a government. Why do you think the Kim dynasty, and other communist countries, fail to achieve and pursue this goal?
  
• How does power corrupt? 
  

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Oligarchical collectivism

An oligarchy is a state governed by a small number of people; collectivism is the belief that land and the means of production should be owned by the community, not by individuals. 

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Winston reads chapter 1 and part of chapter 3 of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein. Chapter 1 "Ignorance is Strength" Chapter 3 "War is Peace" 

War is peace - what is the role of war in 1984? 

• "It is impossible for it to be decisive" 
  
• "war is for labour power" 
  
• "The primary aim modern warfare...is to use up the products of the machine without raising the general standard of living." 
  
• "an all-round increase in wealth threatened the destruction-indeed, in some sense was the destruction - of a hierarchical society." 
  
• "In the long run a hierarchical society was only possible on a basis of poverty and ignorance." 
  
• " A peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war... War is Peace

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Ignorance is Strength - what is the role of disinformation and control in 1984? 

•  "human equality was no longer an ideal to be striven after, but a danger to be averted." 
• With the development of television... made it possible to receive and transmit simultaneously." 
• "In Oceania there is no law" 
• " The mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc." 
• Doublethink  = "To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient" 

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The ministries 

The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war. 

The Ministry of Truth concerns itself with lies. 

The Ministry of Love concerns itself with torture 

The Ministry of Plenty concerns itself with starvation. 

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Plan a comparative 

Discuss the similarities and differences between the social structure and political ideas of North Korea and those as outlined in Goldstein's book. 

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North Korea	Society of 1984
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