C5.1 Exploring Charge, Voltage, and Current
Chapter 5.1 Charge & Voltage
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Chapter 5.1 Charge & Voltage
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What do you already know about electric charges and voltage?
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
describe electric charge and voltage,
explain charging and discharging,
distinguish positive and negative charges,
relate charge to current.
What Is Electric Charge (static)?
Electric charge is a property of particles that causes them to experience a force in an electric field.
Types of Electric Charge
Charges can be positive or negative. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
Role of Electrons
Electric charge is primarily due to electrons. Electrons can be transferred between objects.
Charging Objects
Objects are charged by gaining or losing electrons, through friction, conduction, or induction.
Charging by Friction
When two materials are rubbed together, electrons may transfer, causing one object to become positively charged and the other negatively charged.
Charging by Conduction
When a charged object touches a conductor, electrons flow and charge is shared.
Charging by Induction
A charged object brought close to a conductor can cause electrons to move without direct contact, leaving the conductor with a net charge.
The Concept of Voltage
Voltage is the potential difference between two points, driving the movement of electrons.
Measuring Voltage
Voltage is measured in volts (V), usually with a voltmeter connected across two points.
Voltage and Energy
Batteries, generators and environmental phenomena like lightning can provide voltage.
Electric Potential
Voltage is the energy per unit charge, indicating how much work would be done moving a charge between two points.
Sources of Voltage
Discharging a Voltage
Discharging occurs when charges lose their potential difference, often by a sudden flow of electrons (spark).
Structure of the Atom
Atoms consist of a nucleus with protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative) orbiting around.
Examples of Discharge
Lightning and static electric shocks are natural examples of rapid discharge of voltage.
What Is Electric Current?
Electric current is the flow of charge per second, typically carried by electrons through a conductor.
Relating Charge, Current, and Voltage
Charge and Current
Current (I) is the rate at which charge (Q) flows: I = Q / t.
Voltage and Current
Voltage provides the push for electric charges to move, resulting in current.
Direction of Current
Conventional (: traditional or usual) current flows from positive to negative, but electrons flow from negative to positive.
Visualising Current in Circuits
In simple circuits, voltage from a source causes current to flow through components. The flow continues as long as a potential difference exists.
Summary and Reflection
This lesson covered electric charge, voltage, charging and discharging processes, and the relationship of charge with current.
Check Your Understanding
Can you explain how an object becomes charged, what voltage means, and how current relates to the flow of charges?
Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.
Write down 2 things you want to know more about.
Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.
Please try the following excercises
5.1: 1 until 9
