V4 - Revision Units 1-6

V4 - Revision units 1-6
Grammar and vocabulary of OA Units 1-6
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 4

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V4 - Revision units 1-6
Grammar and vocabulary of OA Units 1-6

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Unit 1: Conditionals
Conditional clauses are sentences that start with 'if'/'when' and consist of 2 parts: the if-clause and the main clause. 
They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past)

  • If I lived closer to the cinema, I would go more often.
  • If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry.

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Remember?
There are 4 conditional types that you need to know. These are labelled as follows:


Slide 3 - Tekstslide

How to make:

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

1. If she had her laptop with her, she
____ (email) me.
A
emails
B
will email
C
would email
D
would have emailed

Slide 5 - Quizvraag

2. If the teacher gives us lots of homework this weekend, I ____ (not/be) happy.
A
am not
B
won't be
C
wouldn't be
D
would not have been

Slide 6 - Quizvraag

3. If you mix water and electricity, you
____ (get) a shock.
A
get
B
will get
C
would get
D
would have gotten

Slide 7 - Quizvraag

4. If we ____ (not/be) so tired, we would go out.
A
not be
B
aren't
C
weren't
D
had not been

Slide 8 - Quizvraag

5. Our lives would be much easier if you ____
closer to home.
A
work
B
worked
C
would work

Slide 9 - Quizvraag

6. If we had planned this better, we ______ in so much trouble now.
A
won't be
B
wouldn't be
C
wouldn't have been

Slide 10 - Quizvraag

Unit 2: Prepositions
Dependent prepositions can come after three types of words: adjectives, verbs and nouns. Let me give you an example of each:
 

  • after an adjective: I’m interested in photography
  • after a verb: Many young adults still depend on their parents
  • after a noun: There is no solution to the problem

The problem is that we don’t always use the same preposition after each type of word – you can be interested in, but keen on, or aware of! All three of these words are adjectives, but each is followed by a different preposition. This is the problem with this. 

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

1. I'm not very keen ____
having to wear a uniform, but I need the job.
A
in
B
with
C
on
D
about

Slide 12 - Quizvraag

2. As soon as we arrived ___
Lisbon, we called our friends.
A
at
B
in
C
on
D
to

Slide 13 - Quizvraag

3. They succeeded ____
forcing the company to accept the deal.
A
in
B
on
C
about
D
with

Slide 14 - Quizvraag

4. I'm totally hooked ___ that new The Irregulars series on Netflix.
A
with
B
in
C
for
D
on

Slide 15 - Quizvraag

5. I'm sorry ___ what happened last night.
A
on
B
for
C
with
D
over

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

6. I'm writing ___ you because I want to ask you a question.
A
at
B
to
C
over
D
with

Slide 17 - Quizvraag

Unit 3: Wish/if only
We use them to talk about regrets - things we would like to change in our past or present.

Present regrets:
You use wish/if only with a past simple tense to talk about regrets in the present:
- I wish I knew what do to!
- If only we didn't live so far away.

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

Unit 3: Wish/if only
Past regrets:
You use wish/if only with a past perfect tense to talk about regrets in the present (remember the 3rd conditional?):
I wish I hadn't eaten that entire chocolate bunny. Now I felt so sick all morning.
- If only I had known you were coming! I would have make cake.

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Unit 3: Wish/if only + would
We use wish + would to talk about something in the present we would like to change - usually something that annoys us.
We use: wish ...... + would & full verb
- I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking!
- Mum wishes it would rain because the garden really needs some water.

We only use wish + would to talk about things that cannot be changed.

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

1. I wish you _______ so late. I'm tired of always waiting for you!
A
didn't always arrive
B
wouldn't always arrive
C
wouldn't always have arrived
D
hadn't always arrived

Slide 22 - Quizvraag

2. I’m starving. I wish I _______ breakfast this morning.
A
would have eaten
B
would eat
C
ate
D
had eaten

Slide 23 - Quizvraag

3. I feel really unhappy! If only I _____
this job last year.
A
didn't accept
B
wouldn't accept
C
hadn't accepted

Slide 24 - Quizvraag

4. You're not the boss so you can't use the car park. ⇒ I wish I ____
the boss.
A
am
B
was
C
were
D
had been

Slide 25 - Quizvraag

5. You got hurt because you didn't wear a helmet. ⇒ I wish I ____ a helmet.
A
wear
B
wore
C
had worn
D
will wear

Slide 26 - Quizvraag

6. Your neighbours make a lot of noise and you hate it. ⇒ If only my neighbours ___ so much noise!
A
didn't make
B
wouldn't make
C
hadn't made

Slide 27 - Quizvraag

Unit 4: Modals
The modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should and must.

Modal verbs always come first in a verb phrase and are followed by a bare infinitive (hele ww.)
- I could hear the dog barking outside.
- You must be joking

When used with a perfect infinitive (have + past participle), modal verbs usually refer to past time:
- He may have caught the train.
- You must have been waiting for hours.

Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Unit 4: Modals
Modals include modal verbs, semi-modals and other modal expressions. They modify the meanings of main verbs.

- He can't be at home, I've just met him (deduction)
- Unless you finish your homewokr, you can't go to the cinema. (prohibition)
- Can I help you? (offer)
- May I help you? (offer)

Slide 29 - Tekstslide

Unit 4: Modal Verbs
Remember the following:
1. Modal verbs take no -s in the third person singular: He might be at the office
2. Modal verbs form their negative and interrogative without 'do': I can't swim / Can you swim?
3. Modal verbs have no proper past tense; however could, would, might and should may be used to refer to the past time: I could swim when I was five.
4. Referring to the past? Use modal + have + past participle: She might have been on time, but we will never know.
5. Modal verbs have no infinitive, -ing or past participle forms and cannot be followed by other modal verbs.

Slide 30 - Tekstslide

Unit 4: Semi-modals
The semi-modal verbs are: need to, dare to, used to and ought to
They have the same functions as modal verbs, but they behave differently. Furthermore, their infinitives end in 'to'.

- He didn't dare to look back.
- They used to live by the sea.
- You ought to know that by now.

Slide 31 - Tekstslide

TO INDICATE

Ability:
- can (present)
- could (past)
- be able to

Permission/prohibition:
- can/can't
- may/may not (very formal)

Requests, suggestions and polite answers:
- can/could
- might (very formal)

Necessity:
- need to/ don't need to

Possibility and probability:
- could/may/might (speculations about past and future)
- can't (negative possibility)
- can/could (theoretical possibilities)
- may/might (speculate about very near future)

Obligation:
- must/have to (what you think needs to be done)
- have to (what someone else tells you to do)

Slide 32 - Tekstslide

1. He _____ come to my party because he is ill.

Slide 33 - Open vraag

2. We _____ get to the meeting on time yesterday, because the train was delayed by one hour.

Slide 34 - Open vraag

3. You ___ smoke inside the school, it is forbidden!

Slide 35 - Open vraag

4. ____ you speak many languages?

Slide 36 - Open vraag

5. When Lizzie got home yesterday there were flowers on the table. Her husband ____ (buy) them.

Slide 37 - Open vraag

6. I ___ clean the floor today because I cleaned it last two weeks ago.

Slide 38 - Open vraag

Unit 5: Relative clauses
We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences together, often to give more information about something.

I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.

We use relative pronouns to add these sentences together. They are:
who / which / that / whom (to who) / whose (possessive) / when / where 

There are 2 types of relative clauses: the defining relative clause and the non-defining relative clause

Slide 39 - Tekstslide

Defining relative clause
A defining relative clause tells which noun (zelf. nw) we are talking about:

I like the woman who lives next door.
If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean.

  • We do not put commas at the beginning and end of a defining relative clause.
  • We can interchange which and that for each other.
  • Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun. This often happens when the relative pronoun is not the subject of the sentence:
    She showed me photos of the gorillas (which/that) she had studied.
    She showed me photos of the gorillas which/that lived nearby. (subject belonging to 'lived')





Slide 40 - Tekstslide

Non-defining relative clause
A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something
I live in Oxford, which has some fantastic colleges.

  • We have to use a comma before and after the relative clause:

    London, which has always been located on the river Thames, is my favourite city to go shopping. 
  • You cannot interchange 'which' and 'that' in this type of relative clause
  • We cannot leave out the relative pronoun:

    My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars. = correct
    My sister, I live with, knows a lot about cars. = incorrect

Slide 41 - Tekstslide

The mountain ____ we climbed yesterday was the highest mountain in Britain!
A
who
B
which
C
where
D
that

Slide 42 - Quizvraag

Taylor has a new car, ____ is twice as big as his old one.
A
who
B
which
C
that

Slide 43 - Quizvraag

In which sentence can you delete 'who'?
A
The man who cleans my windows has gone into hospital.
B
The man who lives next to me is nearly eighty.
C
The man who I saw on the bus is my neighbour.

Slide 44 - Quizvraag

Which sentence is correct?
A
The new stadium, that can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week.
B
The new stadium, which can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week

Slide 45 - Quizvraag

That’s the shop ___ I bought my wedding ring.
A
which
B
that
C
(no word is needed here)
D
where

Slide 46 - Quizvraag

We walked as far as the waterfall, ____ we stopped for a picnic.
A
which
B
where
C
when

Slide 47 - Quizvraag

Which sentence needs the word 'who'?
A
Is that the woman ___ you work with?
B
Is that the woman ___ lives next door to your grandmother?
C
Is that the woman ___ Dan was talking about?

Slide 48 - Quizvraag

Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.

Slide 49 - Open vraag

There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.

Slide 50 - Open vraag