citing

• Verzorging
• Middelbare school
• vmbo b
• Leerjaar 5

You will have to cite the works

I'll briefly explain how

Three types of using a source in your essay

1. Direct Quote

2. Long direct quote 

3. Paraphrasing

1. Direct quote

The nomad is not bound to a geographical place he calls home and shows similarities with the expatriate, as both are flexible and not bound to their birthplace. In addition, as the expatriate, the nomad “enjoys both autonomy and a direction of its own” (Deleuze and Guattari, 2010, pp. 43-4). However, unlike the traditional idea of nomadism suggests, the nomad should not be defined by movement, seeing that he “distributes himself in a smooth space” (p. 44), and in effect, he never leaves his own territory. In other words, although he “goes from one point to another” (p. 43), he is always at home. 

1. Direct quote

The nomad is not bound to a geographical place he calls home and shows similarities with the expatriate, as both are flexible and not bound to their birthplace. In addition, as the expatriate, the nomad “enjoys both autonomy and a direction of its own” (Deleuze and Guattari, 2010, pp. 43-4). However, unlike the traditional idea of nomadism suggests, the nomad should not be defined by movement, seeing that he “distributes himself in a smooth space” (p. 44), and in effect, he never leaves his own territory. In other words, although he “goes from one point to another” (p. 43), he is always at home. 

1. Put the literal text from your source between quotation marks

2. Add the last name(s) of the author followed by the publication year and the pagenumber(s) between parentheses 

3. If you use another quote from the same source in the same paragraph, then only page number(s) is enough. 

    

Unless, of course, you have used another source in between. 

2. Long direct quote 

In his journal, Crusoe describes his first attempt at domesticating a goat in December of his first year on the island:

                   … by nursing it so long it grew tame, and fed upon the little 

                  green at my door, and would not go away: This was the first 

                  time that I entertain’d a thought of breeding up some tame 

                  creatures, that I might have food when my powder and shot 

                  was all spent. (Defoe, 1719, p. 72)

After this first attempt, he does act on these thoughts, emanating from his necessity to fend for himself, after his supply of ammunition has depleted.

2. Long direct quote 

In his journal, Crusoe describes his first attempt at domesticating a goat in December of his first year on the island:

                   … by nursing it so long it grew tame, and fed upon the little 

                  green at my door, and would not go away: This was the first 

                  time that I entertain’d a thought of breeding up some tame 

                  creatures, that I might have food when my powder and shot 

                  was all spent. (Defoe, 1719, p. 72)

After this first attempt, he does act on these thoughts, emanating from his necessity to fend for himself, after his supply of ammunition has depleted.

1. A long quote is anything that’s longer than 4 typed lines. You’ll present these quotes in a block of text set off from the rest of your paragraph. Because the quote is set off in a block, you don’t need to put quotation marks around it.

2. You do need to add the last name, publication year and page number between parentheses.

3. Paraphasing

Original quote:

"Our results show that 40% of voters in the referendum election didn't make up their minds until they arrived at the polling place" (Hammersmith, 2009, p. 55).

Paraphrased quote:

Based on this study, 40% of referendum voters waited until they got to the polling location to decide how they would vote (Hammersmit, 2009, p. 55). 

3. Paraphasing

Original quote:

"Our results show that 40% of voters in the referendum election didn't make up their minds until they arrived at the polling place" (Hammersmith, 2009, p. 55).

Paraphrased quote:

Based on this study, 40% of referendum voters waited until they got to the polling location to decide how they would vote (Hammersmit, 2009, p. 55). 

1. Paraphrasing is when you restate someone else’s ideas in your own words. 

It’s a great way to incorporate evidence into your paper without using a direct quote every time. 

2. Although you don’t need to use quotes around a paraphrase, you do need to refer 

to the source.

Lead in

Critic Alex Li supports this idea as she says, "The frequent references to the color blue are used to suggest that the family is struggling to cope with the loss of their matriarch" (2016, p. 67).

This is demonstrated by McKinney’s research, which proves that "Adults who do yoga at least three times a week have lower blood pressure, better sleeping patterns, and fewer everyday frustrations" (1998, pp. 86-7).

Lead in

Critic Alex Li supports this idea as she says, "The frequent references to the color blue are used to suggest that the family is struggling to cope with the loss of their matriarch" (67).

 This is demonstrated by McKinney’s research, which proves that "Adults who do yoga at least three times a week have lower blood pressure, better sleeping patterns, and fewer everyday  

frustrations" (86-7).

1. You can also mention the source in your lead in sentence.

2. Then you only have to provide the page number(s) between parentheses.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

How to cite Edgar Allen Poe:

(Title in Italics, p.number)

How to cite Edgar Allen Poe:

(Title in Italics, p.number)

E.g.:

(The Tell-Tale Heart, p.3)

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

In your literary essay:

Another example of this can be seen in Montresor's response to Fortunato's claim that he will not die of a cough:  ""[...] the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough."

"True --true," I replied" (The Cask of Amontillado, p.3). The dramatic irony lies in the fact that the audience already feels that Fortunato will die, but by the hands of Montresor, not as a result of his cough.

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain

How to cite the 10 elements:

(10 Elements of Gothic Literature)

In your literary essay:

Both texts contain mystery and fear, which are elements of gothic literature (10 Elements of Gothic Literature). In TEXT 1 etc. [...]

ICE

• Introduce
• Cite
• Explain