3.1 Hitler prepares for war

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Ch 3 The second world war

Today's lesson=

• Recap
• instruction par 3.1
• Time to work

(2p) For each statement, choose from: an effect / a cause.

1 The value of a stock rises is an effect / a cause of a company making profit.

2 The Wall Street Crash was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3 Hoovervilles were an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

4 Roosevelt’s New Deal was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

(2p) For each statement, choose from: an effect / a cause.

1 The value of a stock rises is an effect / a cause of a company making profit.

2 The Wall Street Crash was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3 Hoovervilles were an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

4 Roosevelt’s New Deal was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

(2p) For each statement, choose from: an effect / a cause.

1 The value of a stock rises is an effect / a cause of a company making profit.

2 The Wall Street Crash was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3 Hoovervilles were an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

4 Roosevelt’s New Deal was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

(2p) For each statement, choose from: an effect / a cause.

1 The value of a stock rises is an effect / a cause of a company making profit.

2 The Wall Street Crash was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3 Hoovervilles were an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

4 Roosevelt’s New Deal was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

(2p) For each statement, choose from: an effect / a cause.

1 The value of a stock rises is an effect / a cause of a company making profit.

2 The Wall Street Crash was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3 Hoovervilles were an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

4 Roosevelt’s New Deal was an effect / a cause of the Great Depression.

3.1: Hitler prepares for war

Lesson goals:

• Explain the role the Treaty of Versailles had in the path to WWII
• Describe how the Rome-Berlin axis came about

Hitler's first big decisions

* He breaks with the Treaty of Versailles and introduces conscription

* He builds a network of highways to boost the economy

Dictatorship of Adolf Hitler

Heim ins Reich = back home to the Reich

• After WWI Austria-Hungary was split up and in all these new states lived German minorities
• Germany itself had lost territory and so German inhabitants
• Hitler tried to convince people that they should establish a Greater German Reich (a large state for all Germans)

Dictatorship of Adolf Hitler

The German economy should become self-sufficient, so it wouldn’t need to rely on other countries for supplies.

• Hitler wanted to conquer Eastern European countries to gain possession of sufficient farmland and raw materials
• These areas were seen as Lebensraum→ future living space for the Aryan Race.

Hitler had alliance with Mussolini since 1936. They formed an ''Axis'' in Europe: the Axis Powers

Francisco Franco

• Caudillo de España por la Gracia de Dios (leader of Spain by the Grace of God)
• Fascist dictator of Spain between 1939 and 1975(!), who ended the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
  

• Ongoing debate between historians whether Franco was a 'real' fascist like Mussolini and Hitler.

Guernica is een enorm schilderij: het is 3,49 m hoog en 7,76 m breed. Pablo Picasso maakte dit schilderij van de stad Guernica, nadat het gebombardeerd was (door Duitse bommenwerpers) tijdens de Spaanse Burgeroorlog (1936-1939).

Zoals je op de foto rechtsonder kunt zien, werd de stad grotendeels verwoest.

De mensen, dieren en dingen op het schilderij zien er niet realistisch ('echt') uit. Pablo Picasso probeerde het gevoel tijdens het bombardement over te brengen, niet zoals het eruitzag.

Het schilderij laat de stad Guernica zien tijdens het bombardement van 1937. Toen het bombardement begon was de wekelijkse markt aan de gang.

De Spaanse generaal Franco had aan Adolf Hitler gevraagd of hij kon helpen om tegenstanders te verslaan. Voor Hitler was dit, net voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog, een perfecte kans om de bommenwerpers van de Luftwaffe uit te proberen.

Het schilderij is in lijnen en vlakken in zwart, wit en grijs geschilderd om de oorlog uit te drukken.

De man met een afgebroken zwaard is een symbool voor een gesneuvelde soldaat

De lamp op het schilderij staat symbool voor de explosies en het bombardement in Guernica.

Het paard drukt de angst uit en is het symbool voor de onschuldige slachtoffers in de oorlog.

De moeder met het dode kind symboliseert het verdriet om de gesneuvelden.

Appeasement

The policy of Great-britain and France to prevent war with Germany

• Prime minister Chamberlain ensured 'peace in our time'=

• after the Münich agreement 1938:
• It allowed Germany to claim the Sudentenland

• voorkomen van een oorlog! 
• Uitgevoerd door de Britten

Appeasement: toegeven aan de eisen om erger te voorkomen (angst om een nieuwe oorlog)

Appeasement?

1939 ; The Molotov-Ribbentroppact-->Unlikely friends

Time to work=

• Read page par. 3.1
• Finish writing assignment

Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia

March 1939

• Although Hitler had said in Munich that he would be satisfied with  Sudetenland, he occupied the whole of Czechoslovakia six months later.

• England and France condemn the occupation, but do nothing.

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

August 1939

• Hitler and Stalin are each other's political enemies
• However, Hitler wants to be sure that the Soviet Union will not start a war against him if Germany attacks Poland.
• They sign a non-aggression pact.

Germany attacks Poland

September 1st 1939

Hitler indicates that he must respond to a Polish attack on a German radio station. The Germans staged this attack

Start of the Second World War

September 3rd 1939

After the German attack on Poland, England and France can only do one thing:

Declare war on Germany...

Basic information about WWII

1st of September 1939: Hitler invades Poland and as a result, Britain and France declare war on Germany → This could count as the beginning of WWII in Europe.

Appeasementpolitiek

• Time to work:
• Read par 3.1
• make exercises  3.1
• summarize 3.1
• Learn keywords

Choose the odd one out....

• Treaty of Versailles - German minorities -  Lebensraum - Sudetenland - Aryan race
• German rearmament - Treaty of Versailles  - Volkswagen - build roads - Hitler Jugend
• Rome-Berlin axis - German rearmament - The Spanish Civil War - the policy of appeasement

Use Source 3.

3p 7 Referring to the source, explain what message the artist is trying to get across about the British attitude to Czechoslovakia in 1938.

Source 3 A cartoon from 1938, made shortly after Hitler annexed Sudetenland. A British person is reading the paper and saying, “What’s Czechoslovakia to me, anyway?” On the boulders it says: “Anglo-French security system”, “French alliances in Eastern Europe”, “Romania” and “Poland”. On the boulder with rope it says: “Czechoslovakia”.