Reading practice HV2 (linking words)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Reading practice

For test week

Do you start by reading the questions or by reading the text?

1. Questions
2. Text

Where do you start?

• Look at the title.  What does it tell you?

• Look at the pictures (if there are any).
• Look at the questions.  How many are there?
• The questions are in the order of the text
• If you are a quick reader, skim the text first
• When finished reading, read the questions and scan the text to find the answers
  

What is this text about? How do you know?

What do you do if you
don't know a word?

What do you do if you

don't know a word?

Decide if the word is important. Do you need to know it to understand the text?

Decide what the word means by looking at the context. Is it a verb or a noun? Is it positive or negative? Does it contain parts of words you know?

Signal/linking words

Signal/linking words help you find your way in a text.

They are very important for understanding a text.

They tell us how different parts of the text are linked.

Become familiar with common signal/linking words!

Write down some signal/linking
words you know.

Some categories of signal words

• Addition: something else is going to be added to what was already said.
• Comparison: the writer is going to say how two things are the same.
• Contrast: the writer is going to say how two things are different.
• Time: information about when something happens, or in what order.
  
• Example: the writer gives an example of what they are talking about.
• Summary: the writer repeats the most important points of the text.
• Explanation: the writer gives a reason why.
  
• Conclusion/consequence: the writer says what message we should take from the text, or what will happen because of the things being described.
  

ADDITION

• and
• as well as
• additionally
• along with
• also
• furthermore
• besides
• on top of that
• in addition
• to add to that
• plus
• moreover
  

COMPARISON

• similarly
• likewise
• in the same way
• as well
• too
• in common
• equally
  

CONTRAST

• but
• although
• though
  
• however
• in contrast
• on the contrary
• on the other hand
• nevertheless
• yet
• despite
  

EXPLANATION

• because
• since
• for
• as
  

TIME

• currently
• now
• initially
  
• next
• later
• at first
• (mean)while
• earlier
• in the past
• once
• after
• until
  

EXAMPLE

• for instance
• for example
• such as
• to show
• to illustrate
  

SUMMARY

• to sum up
• in short
• in brief
• in summary
  

CONCLUSION/

CONSEQUENCE

• so
• consequently
• that's why
• as a result
• therefore
• thus
• hence
• as a consequence
  

Signal/linking words

In the next sentences, choose the best signal/linking word.

Signal words

For the next exercise, pick the signal word that fits the gap.

I set the alarm for 6:30 _____ I wouldn't miss the train.

1. because
2. so
3. until
4. while

He didn't come in until past midnight ____ he promised he would be home by 9PM.

1. because
2. since
3. so that
4. although

He decided to buy a new car ____ losing his job last month.

1. since
2. despite
3. while
4. hence

She got the job ____ she had very little experience.

1. thus
2. moreover
3. therefore
4. although

The student's essay was badly written. ____, it was too short.

1. However
2. Despite
3. Moreover
4. On the other hand

ADDITION

COMPARISON

CONTRAST

and

additionally

also

in addition

plus

similarly

likewise

in the same way

too

in common

but

although

however

nevertheless

on the contrary

on the other hand

furthermore

TIME

EXAMPLE

CONCLUSION/
CONSEQUENCE

currently

while

now

next

at first

later

for example

for instance

such as

to illustrate

to show

so

as a result

consequently

thus

therefore

that's why

hence