CH4 sec. 4.1 A fragile peace

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Memo hm 2 TTO

CH4 War, revolution and economic crisis

4.1 A fragile peace

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 4.1

1) I can name the characteristics (matching dates and historical period) of the age of the world wars.

2) I can explain the two consequences of new means of transport and of communication.

3) I can explain why from 1850 onwards people had an optimistic view of the future.

4) I can explain what nationalism is using an example.

5) I can name two consequences of nationalism.

6) I can explain with four examples that nationalism created tensions in Europe.

7) I can explain the four (indirect) causes of the First World War.

Chapter 4

Historical age 9 

1900-1950 Age of the world wars

Historical period 5

1800-present modern age or modern times 

A modern society

Changes in Western Europe 1850-1900:

• Many inventions improved the lives of many people

(batteries, photography, electricity etc.).

• New means of transport (steam train and steam ship) 

and improved infrastructure (railroads, railroad bridges, 

new canals) resulted in shorter travel time. 

• New means of communication (telegraph, telephone, radio and mail ships)
  

resulted in faster communication.

• Better hygiene and healthcare resulted in population growth.
• Social laws made the worst forms of poverty disappear.

Progress (vooruitgang)

Around 1850 the idea of progress sprang up in many West European countries. 

Progress = The idea that in the future everything will get better for mankind. 

A modern society

Three reasons  why optimism grew after 1850:

• No major conflicts (wars) in Europe. 
• Nations grew prosperous.
• Technological development because of new inventions that made the lives of citizens easier.

Nationalism

In the 19th century nationalism grew fast.

Nationalism = great love for one's own country and believing that it is superior to other countries.

Nation = a group of people that share language, history and culture.

Nationalism grew because of culture (artists and writers made statues, wrote plays, etc.) and school (own history and language).

Consequences of nationalism

Two consequences:

• People felt better and stronger (=superior) than people of other countries 
• Nationalists wanted a country of their own.
  

1. People that were spread accross several countries wanted to live in one united country.
2. People that lived in countries that included many other peoples.

Nationalism

1. People that were spread accross several countries wanted to live in one united country.

• Germans lived spread accross many German states. Nationalism led to wars with Austria-Hungary and France. In 1871 there was a new state: Germany

• Italians lived in different Italian states. In 1861 these different states became one country: Italy. 

Nationalism

2. People that lived in countries that included many other peoples.

• Ottoman Empire 

Turks, Greeks, Romanians, Bulgarians and Serbs. Revolts > states of their own.

• Austria-Hungary 

Austrians, Hungarians, Czech, Slovaks, Poles, etc. Threatened to fall apart as well.

• Netherlands. Dutch and Belgians. 1830 Belgian Revolt. Belgium separated and became a country of its own.

What wasn't a cause for optimism about the future between 1850 and 1900?

1. workers living conditions worsened
2. no major conflicts or wars
3. countries became more prosperous
4. technological development

Around 1815. What wasn't a country that included more than one people?

1. Germany
2. The Netherlands
3. Austria-Hungary
4. Ottoman Empire

Which peoples lived spread accross multiple countries?

1. Germans and Italians
2. Germans and Dutch
3. French and Italians
4. French and Dutch

Causes

4 indirect causes for World War I:

• nationalism 
• modern imperialism
• arms race
• alliances

These causes created an explosive situation. One minor conflict could start an enormous war.

Cause 1

Nationalism

• Great love of one's own country, people and culture. Extreme pride. 
• Example: 'Our country and people are the best'.

The Franco-German War

1870-1871

France loses the war to an alliance of German states.

France loses  

Alsace-Lorraine

• French revanchism 
  

German Empire proclaimed 

1871

• After its unification Germany became a very powerful country. 
• The German unification disrupted the balance of power in Europe.

Cause 2

Modern imperialism

• Conquest of large parts of Africa and Asia by European countries between 1870 and 1914. 
• Example: Scramble for Africa

Modern imperialism

• Great Britain had the most colonies (fleet), followed by France.
• Germany had hardly any colonies. Wanted them as well.
  

Cause 3

Arms race

• Competition between two or more countries to produce as many powerful weapons as possible.
• Because of mass production it became possible to built weapons on large scale.
• Example: Naval arms race between German Kaiserliche Marine and British Royal Navy.

Cause 4

Alliances

• A (military) union between countries for the benefit of each other.
• Examples: Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
  

What are the four causes for the First World War?

1. alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and rationalism
2. alliances, arms race, modern imperialism and nationalism
3. alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and rationalism
4. alliances, feminism, modern imperialism and nationalism

Which countries belonged to the Central Powers (Triple Alliance)?

1. Austria-Hungary, Engeland, France, Ottoman Empire
2. Austria-Hungary, England, Italy, Ottoman Empire
3. France, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire
4. Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire

Which country did not belong to the Allied Powers (Triple Entente)?

1. England
2. France
3. Netherlands
4. Russia

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 4.1

1) I can name the characteristics (matching dates and historical period) of the age of the world wars.

2) I can explain the two consequences of new means of transport and of communication.

3) I can explain why from 1850 onwards people had an optimistic view of the future.

4) I can explain what nationalism is using an example.

5) I can name two consequences of nationalism.

6) I can explain with four examples that nationalism created tensions in Europe.

7) I can explain the four (indirect) causes of the First World War.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.