Afghanistan Cold War versie 2

• Geschiedenis
• WO
• Studiejaar 6

Afghanistan

          1947-1991

Afghanistan

- Rich in oil and opium

-Borders Sovjet-Union

Afghanistan (1950-1980)

• 1953: Muhammad Daoed Khan becomes minister president

• 1960: Modernisation Afghanistan SU & US both interested.

• 1965: Afghanistan becomes a constitutional monarchie.

• 1973 Vietnam war ends 

• 1978: Communist (Saur Revolution) take power about a succesful coup.

• Iranian Revolution 1979

• 1979: Tensions between prime minister and deputy prime minister.

• • Amin: Neutral foreign policy , Taraki: Focus on SU
• 1979 Russian Invasian Afghanistan 

Different parties 

1. Afghanistan

• President Daoed Kahn 
• Communists 
• mujahideen (Islamic fighters)

2. United States 

3. Sovjet-Union

4. Iran 

Muhammad Daoed Khan

• 1953:  Prime minsister
• Western education
• Muslim 
• Spoke to American congress
• In favor of reform and modernisation
• 1973 plans coup - becomes President
• Red-Prince

Historical Context 

Helmand Valley project 

• AID - Investment project 
• US involvement 
• Support Khan
• New energy sourcers
• New roads
• Repaired bridges 
•  Modernisation in agriculture

Historical Context 

Modernisation '60

• Golden years of Afghanistan
• Modern architecture
• New roads
• Academic possibilities for women
• Burka was not mandotary 
• Western clothing
• Tourism

Causes 

Communist Revolution

• 1965: Communist party formed 
• 1978 Saur Revolution Left-wing military officers take power
• No support for the communist party from the people

• 1978:Muhammed Daoed Khan killed
• 1978:Decleration of Friendship between SU and Afghanistan 
• Econimal aid, trade benefits and political ties with the Sovjet-Union 

Causes

Moejahedin

• Those who engage in Jihad 
• Tribal/Urban groups
• Supported by the US with weapons 
• Conflict  communism and Islam

Reason invasion SU

•  Russia uses division 
• Breshnev wants power - expansion Sovjet influene sphere
• Afraid of Iranian influence and expansion of Islam 

1979-1989 Afghan war

• Invasion on Christsmas day 1979

- 1979-1989: occupation Sovjet-Union - mostly cities

- Country side controlled by Mujahedin 

- Guerilla war vs Bombing villages 

- No Air suppriority

- Muslim volunteers 

- Cultural consequences 

Sovjet Propaganda

End Afghan War 

• US -> Sovjet imperialism
• SU -> self defence 
• 'The greatest achievement of the CIA during the Cold War'
• SU loses 
• Gorbatsjov pulls back
• First sign of SU collapse 

Consequences 

End of Afghan war

• Taliban
• Start Afghan civil war - War lords
• Islamic Extremism and Pashtun nationalism 
• Turns into a Islamic state 
• Taliban win the conflict - Sharia Law
• September 1966: Osama Bin Laden housed by Taliban
• Great culture change - exmpl. womans rights 

1. What does the maker of this source conclude about the reasons for the Sovjet invasion of Aghanistan?

If you had to choose, from which cold war block is the author of this source?

Name 2 reasons why the SU decided to invade Afghanistan?

Which event does this source show?

1. What does the maker of this source conclude about the reasons for the Sovjet invasion of Aghanistan?
If you had to argue, from which coldwar block is tha author of the source?

What is the event that is portrayed on this cartoon?