havo 4 unit 13

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

unit 13

education for life

Why are you going to school?

What is the most important aspect of school for you?

How many percent of your lesson would you like to have online (after corona)?

0100

Corona has proven one thing: teachers cannot be replaced by robots, films etc. Interpersonal contact is too important for learning.

1. I agree
2. I don't agree
3. I doubt: I hate my teachers this year
4. I love my teachers and do not want to replace them by anyone or anyhting

0

questions

What is the aim of education according to the video?

On which 2 tasks should school focus?

What 2 subjects should be taught?

What is the problem with education today?

answers

to prepare pupils for the challenges of life

2 tasks: working + sustaining good relationships

subjects: capitalism + yourself

the problem is that schools have the wrong curriculum

Do you agree with the video? Why? / Why not? 

speaking

Have a look at the two classrooms.

What kinds of education do you have in Britain?

To which do the two classrooms belong?

In what way are the classrooms in the pictures different from your classrooms?

talk to eachother

ex 2

primary school

• What was its size, location,atmosphere?
• Is there a teacher you do remember well?
• Was there anything you particularly enjoyed?
• Was there anyone at school you found really annoying?

Now tell somebody else what your partner told you.

Use phrases like:

X told me that he/she ...

X remembers that he / she

etc ( look at p 86 ex 2 for more phrases)

Which tense do you use to report what you heard?

ex 3

Rewrite the speech in reported speech. The first two lines have been done for you as an example. 

He said that it wasn't Simon's fault. He said he wanted to describe what really had happened.

can you guess what the rules are with regard to the tenses regarding reported speech?

now do the exercise

listening

read the statements. underline key words. 

do exercise 2 on p 86

cd 2 nr 2

wordformation ex 5

verb:            to educate

noun:          education, to educate

adjective:  educational, educated

adverb:      educationally

collocations ex 6 -9

educational qualifications, opportunities, standards

educated person

do ex 7 in pairs (speaking)

do ex 8, then check answers on next slide

ex 8

a Tom Cruise  - last line

b Paul Gauguin - hobby became career

c Annie Lennox - London

d Socrates - to solve the twin mysteries of life and death , wisest man alive

e Madonna - New York

f Agatha Christie - knowledge of poison... relevant

vocabulary for letters of application

• A. earn/ make a day
• B. have atalent for, determination
• C. on leaving school - find employment
• D, gain experience, spend x years, full time career
• E. work long hours
• F.take a position, unpaid assistant, qualify in, duties,, a sound knowledge of, extremely relevant

reported speech

Direct speech: the literal, exact words someone says  “ I am very angry with you” 

Indirected or reported speech: when you tell someone what somebody else said. He said he was very angry with me. 

What changes:  - Tense  - Pronouns ( I, we, you)  - Pronouns (here → there, this → that, these → those)  - Adverbials of time (yesterday → the day before, tomorrow→ the following/ next day)  

Direct speech                      He tells a lie  

reported speech                She said that he told a lie 

Present simple  → past simple  

He is telling a lie                                She said that he was telling a lie 

Present continuous → past continuous

He has told a lie                                  She said that he had told a lie 

Present perfect → past perfect   

He told a lie                                          She said that he had told a lie 

Past simple → past perfect 

He was telling a lie                           She said that he had been telling a lie 

Past continuous →past perfect continuous  

He had told a lie                               She said that he had told a lie 

Past perfect → past perfect  

He will tell a lie                                       She said that he would tell a lie 

Will → would 

He can tell  a lie                                     She said that he could tell a lie 

Can →could 

He should tell a lie                               She said that he should tell a lie 

Should →should / should have + past participle   

When something is reported that is a general truth, there is often no tense change. 

Teacher: “water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 

The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.  

There are different reporting verbs, which can take the following structures

Accuse + of + -ing 

“You stole the bag”                                              He accused her of stealing the bag 

Admit + (to) + -ing / Admit + (that) 

“I lost the key”                      He admitted that he had lost the key  He admitted (to) losing the key 

Apologise + for + -ing 

“I am sorry that I am late”                                I apologised for being late  

Argue + for + -ing / argue (that) 

“ It is unnecessary to change anything”  

She argued for not changing anything. 

She argued that it was unnecessary to change anything  

Claim + (that) 

“He is a coward”  Jane claimed that he was a coward. 

Deny + (that) / deny + -ing

  “ I don’t break any rules”  John denied that he broke any rules  John denied breaking any rules.  Explain + (that) 

“There aren’t any problems anymore”  The mechanic explained (that) there weren’t any problems anymore. 

Insist + on+ -ing / insist+ (that) 

“ I want to finish this first”  I insisted on finishing that first.  I insisted (that) I finished that first.  

Promise + (that) / promise+ to + infinitive

  “I will pick you up”  Dad promised (that) he would pick me up.  Dad promised to pick me up.  Refuse + to + infinitive 

“ I don’t want to throw the rubbish in the bin”  The boy refused to throw the rubbish in the bin. 

Say + (that) 

“ the fire started in the bakery”  He said that the fire had started in the bakery. 

Passive: is said + to + infinitive 

“ The book contains several flashbacks  The book is said to contain several flashback.  

Suggest + (that) / suggest + -ing 

“Let’s drive more slowly  The man suggested (that) we drove more slowly. 

The man suggested driving more slowly. 

Urge + to + infinitive

  “Don’t worry”  Hugh urged them not to worry 

Warn + (that) / warn = to + infinitive 

“Santa will not come, if you are naughty” 

Mum warned us that Santa wouldn’t come if we were naughty. 

Mum warned us not to be   naughty or Santa wouldn’t come.

Turn into reported speech

01. John: “She is having a dentist’s appointment tomorrow”. 

02. Mr X: “ You should finish the job this week”. 

03. Emma: “I have never been so embarrassed”. 

04. Tom: “When were we supposed to call our boss?” 

05. Mum: “ My children were at home” 

06. I: “ I cannot do my homework”. 

07. Teacher: “ You must open your books and copy these sentences”. 

08.  Guy: “ I loved going to America”    

answers

01. John said that she was having a dentist’s appointment the following day. 

02. Mr X said that I/we should have finished/ should finish the job that week. 

03. Emma said that she had never been so embarrassed. 

04. Tom asked when they had been supposed to call their boss. 

05. Mum said that her children had been at home. 

06. I said that I couldn’t do my homework. 

07. The teacher said that we had to open our books and copy those sentences. 

08. Guy said that he had loved going to America.  

Change into reporting speech using the given reporting verb

01. Tom: “Gerry cheats at tests.” (accuse) 

02. Jerry: “you must replace A by B” (explain) 

03.  Joe: “ I do not know anything” (deny) 

04. Mary: “I will help you” (promise) 

05. Christa: “You could work harder” ( suggest) 

06.  We: “ stop cheating at tests” (warn) 

07.  The reporter: “Mr Johnston has been arrested for murder” ( claim) 

08.  Mum: “You must eat all your spinach” (urge)    

answers

01. Tom accused Gerry of cheating at tests. 

02. Jerry explained that I had to replace A by B. 

03. Joe denied knowing anything / Joe denied that he knew anything 

04.  Mary promised to help me / Mary promised (me) that she would help me. 

05. Christa suggested working harder / Christa suggested that we could work harder 

06.  We warned you that you must stop cheating at tests.  / We warned you to stop cheating at tests. 

07.  The reporter claimed that Mr Johnson had been arrested for murder  

08.  Mum urged us to eat all our spinach.  

reported speech

Now do ex 1-3 and 10 (10 =important for test)

listening

do exercise 4 and 5.

cd 2 nr 3

listening ex 6 and 7

do exercise 6 and 7

These exercises help you to listen carefully for information.

Now do grammar extra.  read the examples first!

cd 2 nr 4

do ex. 8 group discussion

Your teacher will tell you hoe large the group should be and how much time you get.

now do ex 10

"You put that frog on my chair, didn't you, Charlie?" said Sally.

OF

Sally  accused Charlie  of   putting  a frog on her chair.

Now do sentences 2 - 6 using reporting verbs and other constructions for reported speech.