Freedomm

Freedomm

Het aanvalsplan

Begint met D-Day (6 juni 1944)

Operatie Overlord

Video

D-Day

0

Op welk strand werd er het hardst gevochten?

Robert Capa

Er zijn maar een paar foto's van Robert Capa

van D-Day overgebleven. Hoe zou dit komen?

De Franse Kust

Franse steden

Operatie Market Garden

Operatie Market Garden

Market Garden

Operatie Market Garden

3. jan. 1942 vernietiging

De concentratie/ vernietigingskampen liggen vooral in Polen in Auschwitz en Sobibor. Ook zigeuners werden hier vergast.

80 jaar D-day

D-Day

Ondertussen in Azië...

• De VS strijdt tegen Japan
• Eilandje voor eilandje moet worden veroverd
• Dit kost enorm veel manschappen en om de oorlog sneller te beëindigen maakt de VS gebruik van een nieuw wapen...

Atoombom op Hiroshima

6 augustus 1945

Atoombom op Nagasaki

9 augustus 1945

HIROSHIMA

NAGASAKI

Liberation Day

Lebensraum

Capitulatie Japan (aug. 1945)

Do you know why
May 4 and 5 are important

days in the Netherlands?

Het woordweb

Op de lege plek waar onder de zin 'Wat weet jij al over?' , voeg je een woord, zin of vraag in op de plek van de "....?" waar de leerlingen vervolgens op reageren met woorden/korte zinnen. De woordwolkjes in de slide staan niet voor het aantal antwoorden dat gegeven kan worden. De leerlingen kunnen zoveel antwoorden geven als ze willen. 

TIPS

• Als je een antwoord hebt geopend en je klikt er nogmaals op, zie je wie dit antwoord heeft gegeven
• Je kunt antwoorden verslepen (en categoriseren)
• Je kunt vervelende antwoorden verwijderen door deze naar het prullenbakje te slepen

Who / what is the National Committee for May 4 and 5?

• Established in 1987
• The expertise centre on commemorating and celebrating
• Keeping the WWII memory alive 
  
• Events, education, research

• Bevrijding van Duitse bezetting in 1945
• Nederland zonder oorlog sinds 1945
• Waarde van vrijheid, democratie en mensenrechten
• Stilstaan bij onvrijheid en conflicten in de wereld

Abolition of the democratic constitutional state

May 29 1940: The Dutch parliament is terminated

May-June 1940: Freedom of press restricted 

Summer 1940: German occupier becomes lead of Dutch police

December 1941: NSB is the only allowed party in the Netherlands

Persecution and exclusion of Dutch Jews

Okt-nov 1940: Arian Declaration and discharge Jewish civil servants

10 jan 1941: required personal registration of Jews

22-23 feb 1941: first razzia of Jewish men

Apr-sep 1941: anti-Jewish measures in public life

May 1942: mandatory yellow star

July 1942 - sep 1944: deportations to extermination camps 

Forced labour

• Solving the shortage of factory workers

• May 1943: forced 'Arbeitseinsatz'

• All Dutch males between 18 and 40 years old 

• Razzias to gather workers 

• Hunger and exhaustion 

Resistance

• Spreading illegal newspapers 

• Helping with hiding places

• Attacks and bombings

• Killing Nazis and collaborators

Hunger winter

• Punishment after rail strike: no train
   transportations with food and fuel
   

• West of the NL suffers from cold and hunger

• Hunger trips to the country side

• Tulip bulbs, sugar beets and nettles

Liberation

Sept-dec 1944: South-NL is liberated

April 1945: Rest of the NL liberated

5 mei 1945: Nazi-Germany surrenders

15 aug 1945: Dutch Indies liberated

Dutch Indies (now Indonesia)

Before WW2 a colony of the Netherlands

March 1942: Japan occupies Dutch Indies - internment camps

September 1942: start Birma-railway

1944: famine and start boy camps

15 August 1945: surrender by Japan

17 August 1945: declaration of independence by Indonesia

1946-1949: Dutch military in Indonesia

1949: Indonesia officially independent 

 

WWII in the Netherlands

Timeline

the Second World War 1939-'45

Dutch war victims

Military victims

7.900

Jews,
Roma & Sinti

104.000-107.000

Civil victims

89.000

Forced labourers

30.000

Dutch Indies

10.000-17.000

Population 1939: 8,7 million

Resistance

8.200

What is this lesson about?

On September 1st, 1939, German troops invaded Poland. 

World War 2 had begun.

In the previous years Hitler had turned the German army into the most modern and powerful army in the world.

Using the Blitzkrieg tactics, German airplanes, tanks and soldiers overran Poland and Western Europe.

Hitler had made a deal with Stalin. They were allies now.

Only Britain stood in Hitler's way of claiming full victory....but that seemed just a matter of time.

Germany invades Poland 

Hitler argued that het "must respond" to the (fake) Polish attack on the German radiostation.

 Incoming fire from 0:45 AM!"

1st  of September 1939

Start Second World War 

After the attack on Poland Britain and France only had one option: to declare war on Germany....

eind 1939 - begin 1940

The First Months 

The first phase of the War mostly was located in Eastern Europe; already the first SS-troops gathered Jewish villagers to mass murder them. Einsatztruppen 

According to the agreements in the Molotov V Ribbentroppact half of September: USSR invades Eastern Poland. 

This phase of the war is also named the  Phoney War : Britain and France did declare war on Germany, but didn't start fighting against Germany. yet. 

3 rd of September 1939

Blitzkrieg in West-Europe

The War seems so far away...

That changes overnight when the Germans invade with overwhelming speed and force. They literally "roll Up" Europe. 

This type of warfare is also named Blitzkrieg 

April - July 1940

15 mei 1940

Capitulation of the Netherlands 

On the 10th of May Germany invades the Netherlands. 

Allthough there was some resistance, the Dutch were hopelessly lost...

invasion in NL

- Heavy fights near the Grebberg (Rhenen)  but ill preparations, outdated arms (WW1!) and the overwhelming force of the Germans)

- 3 tanks against 50.000 of the Germans.

- After the bombardment of Rotterdam capitulation (overgave) 

- Dutch royal family had already fled to Britain. 

France capitulates

The whole of France? no...

A part of France, Vichy, collaborates with Germany...

22 June  1940

Battle of Britain

German attack on the British. 

Thanks to the invention of radar Britain resists air raids and defends against Germany

That doesn t mean the British got the Germans off their back...

july - oktober 1940

This poster was made in assignment of the British government to keep morale  high and the faith in victory (so no meme!) 

Operation Barbarossa

Allthough there was a non-agressionpact between Germany and Soviet Union, Germany invades the SU. Hitler needs Lebensraum and raw materials and oil for his warfare.

June-December 1941

Japanes attack on Pearl Harbor

Germans ally Japan wants to expand its power in Asia.

Therefore Japan attacks the American naval basis on Hawaï (Pearl Harbor), completely by surprise. 

Now Japan has almost no resistance in the Pacific to attack the countries there, like the Dutch Indies (Indonesia) 

8 December 1941

USA at war

One day after the attack, the US declares war on Japan, Because they were allies, Germany declares war on America.

7 December 1941

Japan occupies Dutch Indies

Dutch civilans are imprisoned in  Jappenkampen. 

Horrible conditions: terrible hygiene, hunger and corporal punishments. 

Women were sometimes forced into prostitution ('troostmeisjes').

March 1942

Battle of Midway

At the  Midway-islands the Americans manage to defeat the Japanese fleet (Kamikaze pilots) 

This is the turning point in the Asian War: The Japanese have to retreat step by step from the Pacific Ocean. 

july- oktober 1942

Battle of El-Alamein

British General Montgomery defeats after a bloody battle the German fieldmarshal Rommel at  el-Alamein battlefields in Africa. 

Also a turning points: the Italian-German armies have to retreat as well. 

June 1942

Battle of Stalingrad 

By the freezing cold (-40!) and poor suppliance the German army is defeated.

Hitler had to retreat. Stalingrad was one step too far. The inhabitants resisted one year of famine, cold an snipers. This is considered a turning point too. 

August 1942 - Februariy1943

6 June 1944

D-Day

With the landing in Normandy finally a new front in Western Europe was opened, Stalin asked the Western Allies for. 

The D in D-Day stands for Decision (beslissing)

Battle for Arnhem

The Allied forces wanted to liberate the Northern part of NL, to force breakthrough to Berlin, but they underestimated the force of the Germans. Operation Market Garden was a mayor mistake, Arnhem is a "Bridge too far" (film)

September 1944

December 1944 - January 1945

Battle of the Bulge

Last man standing. The German tried to blow back the Allies, by the Het Ardennes offensive. The German wanted to conquer Antwerp, to block the suppliance lines to the troops. 

Hitler fails, but manages to "win" 6 weeks, by forcing boys and elderly to fight in the German army: cannonfodder. 

Jalta (Yalta) Conference 

The Allies gather in Jalta (SU) to discuss what they shoud do with Germany after winning the war (future!) 

Big Three are: Churchill (UK), Roosevelt (USA) and Stalin (Sovjet-Union).

Februari 1945

Winston Churchill

Minister-President van Groot-Brittannië

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

President van de Verenigde Staten

Jozef Stalin

Leider van de Sovjet-Unie

Hitler defeated

In april Stalins Red Army attacks Berlin 

It is the final blow for Hitler. He commits suicide in his underground bunker. 

April 1945

Liberation Day

On the 5th of May 1945 the German Army surrrendered (actually 4th) and most of Nl was liberated accept some Wadden Islands and small communities with die-hard Nazis

8 May 1945

Capitulation of Germany

02:41 AM in the morning 7th of May 1945 signed general Alfred Jodl the unconditional surrender to the Allied forces 

Dutch Radio:

"Alle strijdkrachten onder Duits gezag staken hun actieve operaties om 23:01 uur centraal Europese tijd op 8 mei 1945."

5 May 1945

Potsdam Conference

Allied forces join for the last time in Potsdam (near Berlin, Germany) 

This time different players: Roosevelt died, Churchill wasn't re-elected.  Truman en Attlee were new players 

Truman and Stalin didn't get along with eachother. No new resolution were made. Division of Germany was accepted. 

july 1945

Germany-sectors

Berlin- Sectors