Part 2

• Engels
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Goals for today 

Part 2 consideration of the Ludovico technique 

Some comprehension questions 

Reading about conditioning in education 

Debate: for and against the Ludovico technique 

Rate the word 1 to 4

1. I do not know the word, and I have never seen it before. 

2. I've heard or seen the word before, but I'm not sure what it means. 

3. I know the word and can recognise and understand it while reading, but I probably wouldn't feel comfortable using it in writing or speech. 

4. I know the word well and can use it correctly in writing or speech. 

Volatile 

Word of the day

Volatile (adj) - likely to change emotional state very suddenly, especially by becoming angry; likely to change often or suddenly and unexpectedly

Are there character(s) or events that we have met in our literary explorations that you could describe as volatile? 

However, his volatile temperament sometimes landed him in serious trouble with the authorities.

What's it going to be then, eh? 

Part 2 

In Part 2, the Minister of Interior visits prison and Alex is chosen to undergo a Pavlovian method of conditioning called the ‘Ludovico Technique’. ​

​It is essentially a form of brainwashing, which ​will make Alex “good”, as he will be incapable of choosing to do any evil once the treatment is complete. 

Part two chapters 1 & 2  

1. How does Part 2 start? Why do you think Burgess chooses to mimic Part 1 in this way?​
2. What arrangement does Alex have with the chaplain in the prison church?​
3. What does the Chaplain mean when he says, "'Goodness is something chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man"?​
4. Why does Alex beat up the new prisoner? What does he dream of afterwards? 
   

Part two chapters 3,4 & 5  

1. Why does the Chaplain disagree with the treatment Alex will undergo?​
   
2. ​Briefly describe the Ludovico treatment and Alex’s reaction to it. ​
3. ​Briefly describe Alex’s dream the first night after his treatment.​

​

Part two chapters 3,4 & 5  

"'You are passing now, to a region where you will be beyond the reach of the power of prayer. A terrible, terrible thing to consider. And yet, in a sense, in choosing to be deprived of the ability to make an ethical choice, you have in a sense really chosen the good. So I shall like to think. So God help us all, 6655321, I shall like to think' ​. And then he began to cry." 

Part two chapters 6 & 7   

1. Why can’t Alex hurt the doctor when he tries to escape his room?
   
2. Who watches Alex’s last session in the cinema?
   
3. What is Alex’s reaction when he is flicked on the nose and taunted
   

Read the text in MB files behaviour modification classrooms 

Note - this text was written in 1974. 

1. How is the description of society similar or different to how society is in 2025? 
   
2. Write down quotes that you think could also apply to 2025
   
3. Note down arguments for or against behaviour modification.
   

You will need these for the next part of the lesson ​

Rate the word 1 to 4

1. I do not know the word, and I have never seen it before. 

2. I've heard or seen the word before, but I'm not sure what it means. 

3. I know the word and can recognise and understand it while reading, but I probably wouldn't feel comfortable using it in writing or speech. 

4. I know the word well and can use it correctly in writing or speech. 

Benevolent

Word of the day

Benevolent (adj) - kindly, charitable

After the earthquake, many benevolent volunteer groups assisted the victims. 

Which pair of words is related in the same way as 

Word of the day

Benevolent (adj) - kindly, charitable

Choose the letter for the pair of words that is related in the same way as this pair: BENEVOLENT: DONOR

A) quiet: orator 

B) disloyal: competitor 

C) nimble: athlete 

D) inquisitive: researcher 

E) Honourable: traitor 

D

Debate 

"The media replace our interpersonal relationships and thus fortify disengagement." 

"We are unaware that we are assuming a passive role influenced by our mass communications"

"there is within our society a definite trend toward a state of affectlessness" 

"This apathy provokes violence and violence promotes apathy" 

"living in a mechanised, detached, depersonalized, and alienated period." (in 1974) 

"caught in the hell of frenetic passivity" - J. D. Laing 

Concepts 

A Clockwork Orange 

Concepts: The inviolability of free will, Manipulation, Power, Violence, Language and communication

Debate 

​Resources for debate preparation in MB files:

Quotes for and against behaviour modification (conditioning) in MB files 

Academic paper: "Behaviour Modification: A Classroom Clockwork Orange?" 

Debate 

1. ​You will make one group of 6 and one of 5  
   
2.  One or two of your group are the jury 
   
3. Two opposing teams of 4 students each
   
4. One team will argue: Behaviour modification (the Ludovico technique) has a useful role to play in reducing criminality. 
   
5. One team will argue: Behaviour modification (the Ludovico technique) has no role to play in reducing criminality. 
6. 7 minutes to prepare your arguments 
7. 3 minutes per team to present your arguments 
8. 3 per team minutes for rebuttal 
9. Jury reviews for two minutes 
10. Jury gives their judgment 

Goals for today 

Silent reading 

Investigation of identity through language and poetry

Maslow's hierarchy of needs 

Considering Alex's language, Nadsat and influence on the reader

What's it going to be then, eh? 

Rate the word 1 to 4

1. I do not know the word, and I have never seen it before. 

2. I've heard or seen the word before, but I'm not sure what it means. 

3. I know the word and can recognise and understand it while reading, but I probably wouldn't feel comfortable using it in writing or speech. 

4. I know the word well and can use it correctly in writing or speech. 

Aloof 

Word of the day

Aloof (adj) -not friendly or willing to take part in things or not interested or involved, usually because you do not approve of what is happening

Are there character(s) or events that we have met in our literary explorations that you could describe as volatile? 

She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy

Read part III chapters 1 - 3 p.112

quizlet.com

Tom Leonard 

 Tom Leonard is a proud Scot who challenges social hierarchy and stereotyping in this poem

• Although his passport identifies him as a British citizen, Tom Leonard sees himself as thoroughly Scottish

• Almost all of his poetry is written in his own Glaswegian dialect.

• His aim has always been to make poetry using 'my own ordinary working-class West of Scotland speech, that is still poetry'.

• He says he is interested in 'the political nature of voice in British culture'.

"The six o'clock news"  

1. Why might Leonard have not used capitals?

2. This poem is written in what accent?

3. What effect do phonetic spellings have on the reader?

4. Does accent really affect if you  believe something?

5. What is an auto-cue? Why is the poem laid out like this?

6. Who can’t talk right – those with or without an accent?

7. Why end with “belt up”? What effect may this have on the

 reader?

A “BBC accent” is Received Pronunciation – BBC newsreaders used

to all have this accent.

"The six o'clock news"  

Write a one or two paragraph answer: 

How has both Leonard and Burgess used language and structure to communicate a message about culture and

identity? 

Physiological  - Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excreation 

Safety - Security of body, employment, resources, morality, the family, health, property 

Love/Belonging -  Friendship, family, sexual intimacy 

Esteem - self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

Self-actualisation - morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts 

The pyramid of needs according to the American psychologist Abraham Maslow 

Extracts part II 

Sit in 3 groups of  3 

Read your extract and annotate for: 

• Understanding content and importance of the extract
• Use of Nadsat
• Tone and style
  
• How the language reflects Alex’s identity and psychological state
  
• Do not share your findings

Extracts part II 

Move to sit in groups with students who had the same extract. 

Share your finding and fill any gaps in your knowledge. 

Take notes so that you can share your extract with your original group. 

Extracts part II 

Return to your original group. Other members take notes. 

Share with the rest of your group your findings on these areas: 

Understanding content and importance of the extract

Use of Nadsat

Tone and style

How the language reflects Alex’s identity and psychological state

Rewrite part of your extract 

Rewrite part of your extract in standard English. 

1. How does the tone or meaning change?

2. Share your adapted text with your group 

3.  How does Burgess use language to manipulate reader sympathy?

4  Is Alex a reliable narrator?

Part two chapters 6 & 7   

The nadsat Language created by Burgess has an aesthetic purpose – a linguistic fog, preventing the reader from being uncomfortably close to realistic descriptions of violence.

Discuss this claim in your group. Is this one of the effects of these stylistic and linguistic choices? Are there other effects for you, as a reader that the author could have intended? 

Part two chapters 6 & 7   

How does Alex’s use of language enable him to be a personable character that helps endear him to the reader? 

Discuss this question. Consider his elevated, old- fashioned manner and the epithet he uses for himself. Do we become complicit through the use of this unreliable narrator?