V4 grammar revision - Conditionals & Relative clauses

Grammar revision
Unit 1: Conditionals
Unit 5: Relative clauses
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This lesson contains 26 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

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Items in this lesson

Grammar revision
Unit 1: Conditionals
Unit 5: Relative clauses

Slide 1 - Slide

Conditionals
Conditional clauses are sentences that start with 'if'/'when' and consist of 2 parts: the if-clause and the main clause. 
They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn't (in the past)

  • If I lived closer to the cinema, I would go more often.
  • If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry.

Slide 2 - Slide

Remember?
There are 4 conditional types that you need to know. These are labelled as follows:


Slide 3 - Slide

How to make:

Slide 4 - Slide

If she had her laptop with her, she
.........(email) me.
A
emails
B
will email
C
would email
D
would have emailed

Slide 5 - Quiz

If the teacher gives us lots of homework this weekend, I ........ (not/be) happy.
A
am not
B
won't be
C
wouldn't be
D
would not have been

Slide 6 - Quiz

If we had stopped for drinks,
we ..... (be) late.
A
are
B
will be
C
would be
D
would have been

Slide 7 - Quiz

If you mix water and electricity, you
..... (get) a shock.
A
get
B
will get
C
would get
D
would have gotten

Slide 8 - Quiz

If Lucy ..... (not/quit) her job soon, she
will go crazy.
A
not quits
B
doesn't quit
C
quit
D
had quit

Slide 9 - Quiz

If we ...... (not/be) so tired, we would go out.
A
not be
B
aren't
C
weren't
D
had not been

Slide 10 - Quiz

If you ....... (smoke), you get yellow fingers.
A
smoke
B
will smoke
C
smoked
D
had smoked

Slide 11 - Quiz

If she ...... (study) Mandarin, she
would have gone to Beijing.
A
studies
B
will study
C
studied
D
had studied

Slide 12 - Quiz

Relative clauses
We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences together, often to give more information about something.

I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.

We use relative pronouns to add these sentences together. They are:
who / which / that / whom (to who) / whose (possessive) / when / where 

There are 2 types of relative clauses: the defining relative clause and the non-defining relative clause

Slide 13 - Slide

Defining relative clause
A defining relative clause tells which noun (zelf. nw) we are talking about:

I like the woman who lives next door.
If I don't say 'who lives next door', then we don't know which woman I mean.

  • We do not put commas at the beginning and end of a defining relative clause.
  • We can interchange which and that for each other.
  • Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun. This often happens when the relative pronoun is not the subject of the sentence:
    She showed me photos of the gorillas (which/that) she had studied.
    She showed me photos of the gorillas which/that lived nearby. (subject belonging to 'lived')





Slide 14 - Slide

Non-defining relative clause
A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something
I live in Oxford, which has some fantastic colleges.
Everybody knows where Oxford is, so 'which has some fantastic colleges' is extra information.

  • We have to use a comma before and after the relative clause:

    London, which has always been located on the river Thames, is my favourite city to go shopping. 
  • You cannot interchange 'which' and 'that' in this type of relative clause
  • We cannot leave out the relative pronoun:

    My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars. = correct
    My sister, I live with, knows a lot about cars. = incorrect

Slide 15 - Slide

The mountain ____ we climbed yesterday was the highest mountain in Britain!
A
who
B
which
C
where
D
that

Slide 16 - Quiz

Taylor has a new car, ____ is twice as big as his old one.
A
who
B
which
C
that

Slide 17 - Quiz

In which sentence can you delete 'who'?
A
The man who cleans my windows has gone into hospital.
B
The man who lives next to me is nearly eighty.
C
The man who I saw on the bus is my neighbour.

Slide 18 - Quiz

Which sentence is correct?
A
The new stadium, that can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week.
B
The new stadium, which can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week

Slide 19 - Quiz

That’s the shop ___ I bought my wedding ring.
A
which
B
that
C
(no word is needed here)
D
where

Slide 20 - Quiz

We walked as far as the waterfall, ____ we stopped for a picnic.
A
which
B
where
C
when

Slide 21 - Quiz

Which sentence needs the word 'who'?
A
Is that the woman ___ you work with?
B
Is that the woman ___ lives next door to your grandmother?
C
Is that the woman ___ Dan was talking about?

Slide 22 - Quiz

Combine to make relative clause:
People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.

Slide 23 - Open question

We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

Slide 24 - Open question

Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.

Slide 25 - Open question

There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.

Slide 26 - Open question