Presentatie DMICP

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• Studiejaar 4

An interactive quiz about child abuse and neglect

Learning objective

What comes to mind when you think of child abuse/neglect?

Veilig Thuis has kept track of the number of violence-related reports they received in the first half of 2025. How many of these reports, expressed as a percentage, involved child abuse as the nature of the violence?

A

9,6 %

B

38,0%

C

49,8%

D

11,7%

Veilig Thuis received a total of 66,000 reports, 32,736 of which related to child abuse.

https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2025/43/meer-adviezen-en-meldingen-over-kindermishandeling-en-huiselijk-geweld

Answer B: 38,0% is (ex)-partnerviolence and

Answer D: 11,7% is domestic violence (overig)

Which form of child abuse occurs most frequently in The Netherlands?

A

Physical neglect

B

Physical abuse

C

Emotional abuse

D

Emotional neglect

Answer D: Emotional neglect

With 36% of child abuse cases, emotional neglect is the most common

(Nederlands Jeugdinstituut, 2017)

What does this image mean?

What does this image mean?

How many children die yearly due to domestic violence?

A

27

B

46

C

53

D

60

Answer D: 60 children

Yearly 60 children die due to domestic violence

What is not an example of help in cases of child abuse? (Veilig Thuis, 2025)

A

Practical assistance with financial worries or stress

B

Support with addiction or trauma

C

Recognizing and help with reporting

D

Training in emotion regulation and parenting

Answer C: Recognizing and help with reporting

Examples of help in cases of child abuse are: (Veilig Thuis, 2025)

​

1. Conversations with a confidential adviser​

2. Relationship- and family therapy​

3. Support with addiction or trauma

4. Training in emotion regulation and parenting​

5. Practical assistance with financial worries or stress

What are the main domains you could observe signs of child abuse in children aged 12-18?​

A

The physical wellbeing of the child (1) and Behaviour of the child (2)

B

The physical wellbeing of the child (1), Behaviour towards other children (2), Behaviour towards the parents (3) and Behaviour of the parents (4)

C

The physical wellbeing of the child (1), Behaviour of the child (2), Behaviour of the parents (3) and Family situation (4)

D

The physical wellbeing of the child (1), Behaviour towards other children (2) and Behaviour towards the parents (3)

Answer C

Main domains you could observe signs of child abuse in children aged 12-18 are:

​

1. The physical wellbeing of the child (lichamelijk welzijn)​.

2. Behaviour of the child (gedrag van het kind).

   1. Behaviour towards other children​.

   2. Behaviour towards the parents.

   3. Behaviour towards other adults.

   4. Other.​

3. Behaviour of the parents (gedrag van de ouders) ​

4. Family situation (gezinssituatie).​

Nederlands Jeugdinstituut. (2011). Signalen van Kindermishandeling: Kinderen van 12-18 jaar. https://www.nji.nl/system/files/2021-05/signalenkm12tot18.pdf

Which of the following signs could be a sign of child abuse in children aged 12-18 years in the main domain of 'behavior towards other children'?

A

Not liked by other children

B

Compliant, obedient

C

Overtired

D

All of the above

Answer A

Signs of child abuse under the domain "child behavior - behavior toward other children" include:​

• Aggressive​

• Little play with other children​

• Fleeting friendships (ages 12-18)​

• Distrustful​

• Not liked by other children
  ​

Important: The checklist is a tool to substantiate a suspicion of child abuse,not to "prove" it. Almost all the listed signs can have a different cause. The more of the listed signs the child emits, the greater the chance that child abuse is occurring. But there are also children for whom there is little or no evidence that they are being abused.

Nederlands Jeugdinstituut. (2011). Signalen van Kindermishandeling: Kinderen van 12-18 jaar. https://www.nji.nl/system/files/2021-05/signalenkm12tot18.pdf

Answer B: 'Complient and Obedient', this sign falls under the domain of behaviour towards the parents or other adults.

Answer C: 'Overtired', this sign falls under the domain of physical wellbeing of the child, and not the behaviour towards other children.

Which of the following parental factors is considered a risk factor for child maltreatment? (Richtlijnen Jeugdhulp en Jeugdbescherming, z.d.)

A

A parent with an active social life and many hobbies

B

Single-parent households

C

Parents who work long hours outside their home

D

Parents who enroll their children in sports at an early age

Answer: B

Other factors may include:

- Low socioeconomic status (SES) of parent(s).

- Unemployment of parent(s).

- Non-Dutch parental origin. (This is more true for the first generation than for the second.)

- Large households, with more than four children.

- Stepfamilies.

Answer B: Single-parent households

Other factors may include:

- Low socioeconomic status (SES) of parent(s)

- Unemployment of parent(s)

- Non-Dutch parental origin. (This is more true for the first generation than for the second.)

- Large households, with more than four children

- Stepfamilies

Richtlijnen Jeugdhulp en Jeugdbescherming (z.d.)

Other factors may include:

- Low socioeconomic status (SES) of parent(s)

- Unemployment of parent(s)

- Non-Dutch parental origin. (This is more true for the first generation than for the second.)

- Large households, with more than four children

- Stepfamilies

What signs may indicate that an adult is abusing a child?

Department of Families, Seniors, Disability Services and Child Safety (2024)

Child abuse can appear in many forms. Recognising common warning signs helps us respond more effectively. While no single behaviour confirms that abuse, neglect, or exploitation is taking place, the following examples can help us identify possible concerns.​

​

Department of Families, Seniors, Disability Services and Child Safety. (2024, 5 september). Indicators and signs(Door The State of Queensland). Department Of Families, Seniors, Disability Services And Child Safety. https://www.families.qld.gov.au/our-work/disability-services/preventing-responding-abuse-neglect-exploitation/identifying-abuse-neglect-exploitation/indicators-signs​

What are protective factors in parents and those responsible for raising children that can prevent child abuse?

• knowledge about parenting and development

• having a harmonious relationship with one's partner

• being aware of one's own childhood experiences and their influence on one's own actions

• practical and emotional support from one's social network

• warmth and affection from the parent

• secure attachment

• willingness to accept help

Protective factors in the parent act as a buffer, giving parents resilience despite negative circumstances. Protective factors in the parent that can prevent child abuse:

https://www.nji.nl/kennis/kindermishandeling/beschermende-en-risicofactoren-bij-kindermishandeling

Münchausen by proxy, a form of child abuse, is best described as...

A

A caregiver who persistently seeks multiple medical evaluations because they fear a rare underlying illness has been overlooked

B

A caregiver who intentionally fabricates, exaggerates, or induces medical symptoms in a child in order to obtain attention, sympathy, or validation from others

C

A child who develops psychosomatic symptoms in response to family stressors and frequent medical visits

D

A caregiver who becomes over-involved in the child's medical care due to genuine anxiety, leading to unnecessary but unintentional consultations and tests

Answer: B

Münchausen by Proxy/pedriatic condition falsification = A form of child abuse in which a caregiver intentionally makes a child appear sick. They may give harmful substances or unnecessary medication, leading to symptoms that doctors cannot explain.

Example – Gypsy Rose --> Mother Dee Dee claimed Gypsy had:
- Leukemia
- Muscular dystrosophy
- Developmental delays
- Underwent unnecessary treatment and surgeries
- Life was controlled

Nederlands Jeugdinstituut. (z.d.). Kindermishandeling door falsificatie.

How many adults in The Netherlands experience the consequences of child abuse?

A

100.000

B

500.000

C

1.000.000

D

1.500.000

•Psychological problems

•Anxiety, depression, PTSD, attachment problems, dissociation, self-harm and   aggression.

•Physical injury

•Injuries resulting from, for example, falls or violence.

•Health problems

•Increased risk of diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and psychosomatic complaints such as headaches and stomach aches.

•Epigenetic changes

•A lack of care and attention from the mother can switch off a gene important for the stress response, leading to a lifelong altered stress response.

•Brain damage and impaired brain development

•For example, due to shaken baby syndrome or disrupted brain development.

•Addiction

•Dependency on alcohol, drugs, sex or food.

•Intergenerational transmission

•Higher risk of raising your own children in the same harmful way, or becoming a victim again (e.g.loverboys, partner violence).om tekst

Long-term impact of child abuse in adulthood - The Netherlands (bronnen veilig thuis; augmeomagazine.nl)

Long-tem consequences of child abuse in adulthood - the Netherlands

• psychological problems

• Physical injury

• Health problems

• Epigenetic changes

• Brain damage and impaired brain development

• addiction

• intergenerational transmission

In The Netherlands 1.000.000 adults suffer from the consequences of child abuse

In which of the following situations do you have to report to Veilig Thuis according to the assessment framework (afwegingskader)?

A

In case of acute insecurity

B

In case of structural insecurity

C

if you are unable to provide or arrange help yourself

D

in the event of persistent insecurity

In which of the following situations are you obliged to report to Veilig Thuis?

bron: nji.nl

Imagine...

you are an employee at the William Schikker Foundation.

The organization has recently been receiving increased public attention and media scrutiny.

Which response best reflects what you would feel, or what you would need, in that moment? 

Imagine you are an employee at the William Schikker Foundation... Which response best reflects what you would feel, or what you would need, in that moment?

1

I feel defensive: I want to show that I’m doing my job well.

2

I feel uncertain about whether I might have overlooked something and would like more support and training.

3

I feel sadness and anger that children may have been harmed, and I want to know how we as a team can prevent this.

4

I need clear communication from the organization about what is happening and how we are responding.

Which factors are involved

Munro (2019) argues that we should strive for a “just culture”:

• distinguishing between deliberate negligence and normal human error

• understanding the role of systemic factors

• using mistakes as opportunities for learning

• enabling safe reporting

• viewing decision-making as a process, rather than measuring only the final outcome

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What is important to you to work confidently with a case with a risk of child abuse? ​