2.1-2.3 War and warfare - key terms

• Classical Civilisation
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• GCSE

2.1-2.3 War and warfare

Key terms

Describe a phalanx in detail. Who would have used it and how was it effective?

Describe a testudo in detail. Who would have used this and how was this effective?

List the different types of weapon which would have been used by Romans as part of siege warfare, and explain what they are.

Artillery - ballista (like a crossbow firing bolts) and onager (single swinging arm)

Siege towers

Battering rams

RECAP: What was an agoge, syssition and krypteia and what were the roles of these in a Spartan's education?

RECAP: What are the technical names for a Roman legionary's sword, shield and breastplate?

Artillery - ballista and onager

Siege towers

Battering rams

BONUS: What was the name for two stretched cables that were tied from one end of a trireme to another to keep it in shape?

BONUS: What was a trierarch? Explain this in the context of Greek warfare and naval warfare (they are different!)

Athens: funds the ship, paying for maintenance and repairs

Rome: captained individual ship; experienced sailor