Exemplification in (academic) essays: drag & drop

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Slide 1: Slide
Exemplification and categoriesHigher Education (degree)

This lesson contains 14 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 15 min

Items in this lesson

Slide 1 - Slide

This is an example exercise.

Did you know there are three primary colours? By mixing up the colours red, yellow and blue you can create any colour imaginable.
Category
Example
primary colours
red
yellow
blue

Slide 2 - Drag question

Not all options are types of examples or categories.

There are many mammal species,
such as the giraffe, elephant, dingo and bat.
Some mammals, such as humans, have
canaries as a pet.

Category
Example
mammal species
giraffe
elephant
dingo
bat
humans
canaries

Slide 3 - Drag question

Now, for the real exercises!
These texts are all taken from Gig Economy reads.

Slide 4 - Slide

It draws on findings from a survey of crowdworkers conducted
in late 2015 on the Amazon Mechanical Turk and Crowdflower
platforms on workers’ employment patterns,work histories,
and financial security. Based on this information,
it provides an analysis of crowdworkers’ economic
dependence on the platform, including the share of workers
who depend on crowdwork as their main source of income,
as well as their working conditions,
the problems they encounter while crowdworking and
their overall income security.
Category
Example
findings from a survey
main source of income
working conditions
income security
problems they encounter while crowdworking

Slide 5 - Drag question

Upwork (formerly oDesk) illustrates this kind of online platform.
Employers offer relatively highly skilled jobs (such as
software development) that pay relatively high wages (compared to
other gig jobs). Workers have considerable autonomy as to how
they do their work, but Upwork exerts considerable control
over the terms of the employment relationship: they can
abruptly change the terms of reimbursement to workers, and
they require workers to sign a noncircumvention clause that
prohibits them for twenty-four months from working with
any client that identified the worker through the Upwork site.
Category
Example
highly skilled jobs
software development

Slide 6 - Drag question

What is the category for these examples?
- abruptly change the terms of reimbursement to workers,
- require workers to sign a noncircumvention clause

Slide 7 - Open question

What is the catogory for these examples?
- Employers offer relatively highly skilled jobs
-They pay relatively high wages (compared to other gig jobs).
- Workers have considerable autonomy

Slide 8 - Open question

“Gig economy” companies like Uber,
which from the end of September loses
its licence to operate in London,
connect workers to customers via online
platforms.
Category
Example
"Gig economy" companies
Uber,

Slide 9 - Drag question

Will Shu, Deliveroo chief executive, has said he would like to
do more for couriers. “I’m the first to admit there are some
anxieties out there about this new way of working -
in particular, whether certain benefits and protections,
like sick pay or insurance, should be on offer,” he said
earlier this year.
Category
Example
benefits and protections,
sick pay
insurance

Slide 10 - Drag question

Generally, crowdwork tasks are relatively simple (some can be a few seconds to a few minutes long) and hence are paid very little. Our survey of over 900 Mechanical Turk workers found the average hourly wage to be between $1 and $2 (Dunn 2016). The platform also makes certain tasks available only to workers who meet specific criteria (identified by categories such as “master status” and number of jobs completed). Many of these criteria, such as “master status,” are shrouded in secrecy, with no
stated benchmarks or information on how to attain them.
Category
Example
categories
“master status”
stated benchmarks
information on how to attain them
number of jobs completed

Slide 11 - Drag question

Apart from this employment-based insurance, the unemployed
may be eligible for safety-net programs like food stamps and
health insurance through Medicaid; and they can go to food banks
and beg on the streets. Programs that in the past gave support to
the poor, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children and
General Relief have been drastically scaled back since the 1980s.
Category
Example
safety-net programs
Programs that in the past gave support
food stamps
beg on the streets
health insurance through Medicaid
food banks
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
General Relief

Slide 12 - Drag question

While crowd workers typically valued the flexibility of crowd work, there were complaints about many aspects of work organisation and working conditions.
Particular sources of stress and grievance included difficulty in communicating with platform personnel, arbitrary terminations, perceptions that
platforms always take the side of clients against workers and
frequent changes to payment and other systems.
Interviews with crowd workers also revealed a range of
physical and psycho-social health hazards. Some of these were linked to
working long hours, including long and unpredictable waiting periods (for which they were not paid).
Category
Example
Particular sources of stress
frequent changes to payment and other systems

arbitrary terminations
difficulty in communicating
working long hours
platforms always take the side of clients
physical and psycho-social health hazards
long and unpredictable waiting periods

Slide 13 - Drag question

More vulnerable still are those hired without a place in an established workplace, a group that not only includes those running their own businesses, like musicians, jewellery makers, and caterers working out of their homes, but also many consultants, delivery workers, freelance researchers, writers, and editorial workers. Responsible for their own workplaces, working out of their bedrooms and neighbourhood Starbucks, they are denied the protection of OSHA or
other health and safety regulation. Not to mention such matters as
holiday pay, sick days, or disability or any other form of social insurance.
Category
Example
those hired without a place in an established workplace
consultants

jewellery makers
musicians
their bedrooms
caterers working out of their homes
neighbourhood Starbucks
their own workplaces
delivery workers
freelance researchers

writers

editorial workers

denied
protection of OSHA
holiday pay
sick days
disability
form of social insurance
other health and safety regulation

Slide 14 - Drag question