LESSON 6 - LESSON 2 - Migration and Population Growth
Migration and Population Growth
Items in this lesson
Migration and Population Growth
Open with the idea that population change is not caused by births and deaths alone. People moving in and out of places also changes population size and composition.
Learning goal
I can explain how migration affects population growth.
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What words come to mind when you hear migration?
Use this to surface prior ideas such as moving, jobs, cities, family, abroad, and population. Briefly connect students' words to the lesson goal about how migration affects population growth.
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
It affects population growth because people may enter a place or leave it.
A place can grow faster when birth and immigration are higher than death and emigration.
Keep the focus on population change, not only on movement itself. Students often think population grows only through births.
Immigration and emigration
Immigration means moving into a place
Emigration means moving out of a place
These flows can raise or lower a population
A simple memory aid may help: immigration = in, emigration = exit.
Two types of migration
Internal migration: movement within the same country
International migration: movement from one country to another
Immigrants move into a country
Emigrants move out of a country
Use familiar Philippine examples for internal migration, such as moving from a province to Metro Manila.
Migration in everyday life
Urban centres such as Metro Manila and other cities show migration clearly.
People move there for work, services, and opportunities, while others move away for different reasons.
This slide links the concept to a visible national example before the lesson moves into migration patterns.
Which word means moving into a place or country?
Emigration
Immigration
Urbanisation
Seasonal migration
Checks the key contrast immigration = into, emigration = out of. The distractors are lesson terms students may confuse with the target term.
Complete the ideas about migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Immigration means moving into a place, while emigration means moving out. Migration within one country is called internal migration, while movement from one country to another is international migration.
All four blanks are load-bearing terms from the opening concept block. Students should use the exact vocabulary taught on slides 2 to 4.
Rural to urban
This pattern happens when people move from rural areas to urbanised places.
Common reasons include better job opportunities, better schools, modern health services, recreation, personal advancement, and marriage.
Emphasise that this is one of the most common migration patterns discussed in the lesson.
Why cities attract migrants
More jobs and higher income
Better schools and hospitals
More services and facilities
More chances for personal growth
Connect this with Metro Manila as a strong example of rural to urban movement.
Urban to rural
Urban to rural migration happens when people leave cities for rural areas.
Some want a simpler and more peaceful life, cleaner air, and less stress. Older people may prefer to retire there, and some workers move because companies have been established in rural areas.
Students may assume movement always goes towards cities; this slide corrects that misconception.
Why rural areas attract some people
Less noise and pollution
Less congestion and stress
A calmer place to live
New jobs in some rural areas
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Rural to rural
People may also move from one rural area to another.
Reasons include unfavourable climate, lack of income, intermarriage, or the need to move to safer places during calamities such as tidal waves or flash floods.
You can mention examples such as moving from highlands to lowlands, or from riverside and seaside communities to safer ground.
Fill-in pattern
The fill-in pattern happens when newcomers move into a place after others have left it.
Example: a family moves permanently to Laguna and leaves its Manila home for another family to occupy.
This pattern is about replacement in a locality, not simply any move.
Double-step pattern
The double-step or two-step pattern happens when a person moves to one place first, then later moves again to another place to live permanently.
It involves two changes of residence after the place of origin.
A simple example is moving from a province to a town, then later from that town to a city.
Seasonal migration
Happens during certain months of the year
Often linked to jobs, crop harvests, or long holidays
The stay is temporary
People later return to their home community
Stress that seasonal migration is temporary, unlike permanent settlement.
Which pattern is shown when people move from a village to a city?
Urban to rural
Rural to rural
Rural to urban
Seasonal migration
Tests recognition of the most common pattern before students sort through the other patterns.
Complete the migration patterns
In urban to rural migration, people leave cities for quieter rural places. In the fill-in pattern, newcomers replace people who have moved away. In the double-step pattern, a person changes residence twice after the place of origin. Seasonal migration is temporary and happens during certain times of the year.
This checks that students can distinguish among the less obvious migration patterns, not just rural to urban movement.
Why people migrate
Two major forces help explain migration:
Push factors move people away from a place
Pull factors attract people towards a place
These factors shape where people go and why they decide to leave.
The source text appears to swap the meanings in one paragraph. Use the standard civic meanings: push factors drive people out; pull factors attract them in.
Push and pull factors
Pull factors
Unfavourable weather
Natural disasters
Few opportunities
Political or social difficulties
Push factors
Better education
Better jobs
Accessible workplaces
Better facilities and services
Clarify that a single move can involve both push and pull factors at the same time.
When danger pushes people out
Natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, flash floods, and volcanic eruptions can force people to leave their homes and look for safer places to live.
Link this to temporary or permanent migration, depending on the damage and safety of the area.
What pulls people in
Cities may attract migrants with schools, high-paying jobs, transport links, and modern infrastructure.
Rural areas may also attract people who want peace, safety, and less pollution.
This slide shows that pull factors are not only about cities; rural areas can also pull migrants.
Which is a push factor?
Better schools
High-paying jobs
Modern facilities
Natural disasters
Push factors drive people away; pull factors attract them. Students often confuse attractive city features with push factors.
Give one push and one pull factor for migration.
Expected ideas: disasters, few opportunities, and political or social difficulties can push people out; jobs, schools, safety, cleaner surroundings, services, or peaceful life can pull people in. Accept any clear example linked to the lesson.
Migration changes population size
Every time people move out of a place, the population there tends to decrease.
When people move into another place, the population there increases.
Migration therefore changes the size of populations directly.
This is the simplest effect and should be made very clear before moving to age profile and development.
Migration changes age profile
Young migrants often leave older people behind in their place of origin.
As a result, the destination may gain a higher percentage of young residents, while the place they left may have a relatively older population.
Students may need support with the term age profile: it means the age make-up of a population.
Migration and urbanisation
Places with growing populations often become more urbanised.
More houses, workplaces, roads, and services are built to meet people's needs.
Keep the explanation at a civic level: migration affects planning, services, and settlement patterns.
Growth and pressure in cities
More people can mean more taxes and more development
New industries and services may grow
Congestion can also increase
Forests, hills, and mountains may be converted for homes and industries
Present this as a trade-off: migration can support economic growth, but it can also create pressure on land and services.
What often happens to the place people move into?
Its population falls
Its age profile disappears
Its population grows
Its jobs vanish
Targets the most direct effect first: destination population increases when migrants arrive.
Complete the effects of migration
Migration changes population size and age profile. When people move out of a place, its population tends to decrease. When they move into a destination, that population may increase. Young migrants may leave an older population behind, while the destination gains more young residents. As numbers rise, some places become more urbanised.
The blanks track the main chain taught on slides 18 to 21: movement out, increase elsewhere, younger age profile, and urbanisation.
Migration to cities in the Philippines
Many people from remote regions move to urban areas because of financial problems, limited jobs, and slow progress in their home places.
Natural calamities can also reduce farm income and encourage migration.
Keep the lesson rooted in the national context without expanding into data not given in the source.
Why Metro Manila draws migrants
Many commercial and business centres
More job opportunities
Well-known schools and hospitals
Modern training and entertainment facilities
Metro Manila is presented in the source as the region with the greatest number of transients.
Changing trends
Government efforts to develop remote provinces have helped create jobs closer to home.
Factories and businesses in these areas can reduce the need for people to leave their families and migrate to big cities.
This shows that migration trends can change when opportunities are spread more evenly across regions.
Migration to Mindanao
Population also increases in parts of Mindanao because of rich natural resources, a climate suitable for crops and fruits, and tourist attractions that encourage investment and job opportunities.
Keep this framed as an example of internal migration linked to resources, climate, and employment.
Migration to other countries
There has also been an increase in Filipinos migrating to other countries.
Many go abroad to work and earn enough to support their families. Some later become immigrants and are able to help family members join them.
This is the lesson's international migration example.
Brain drain
Brain drain happens when highly skilled and educated people leave the Philippines to work in other countries for higher pay.
This can reduce the number of trained workers available in the country.
Explain this as an effect of international migration on the country of origin.
Why does Metro Manila attract many migrants?
Fewer services
More farmland
More job opportunities
Less transport
Uses the national example from the deck. The correct answer reflects the main pull factor repeatedly mentioned around Metro Manila.
Complete the migration trends
In the Philippines, many people move to cities because of limited jobs in their home areas. Metro Manila attracts many migrants because of business centres, schools, and hospitals. Some provinces in Mindanao also gain population because of resources, crops, and tourism. When skilled workers leave the country for higher pay, this is called brain drain.
Anchors the final subtopic in the specific Philippine examples and the term brain drain.
What is one idea from this lesson you will remember?
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Which part of migration was hardest to understand?
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Glossary
migration - the movement of people from one place to another
immigration - moving into a place or country
emigration - moving out of a place or country
internal migration - movement within the same country
international migration - movement from one country to another
immigrant - a person who moves into a country
emigrant - a person who moves out of a country
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Glossary
rural to urban - movement from the countryside to a city
urban to rural - movement from a city to the countryside
rural to rural - movement from one rural area to another
fill-in pattern - migration in which newcomers replace people who moved away
double-step pattern - migration that happens in two moves after the place of origin
seasonal migration - temporary movement during certain times of the year
age profile - the age make-up of a population
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Glossary
push factors - conditions that drive people to leave a place
pull factors - conditions that attract people to a new place
urbanisation - the growth of towns and cities as population and development increase
transients - people staying in a place for a limited time rather than permanently
brain drain - the loss of skilled workers who leave to work in other countries
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