Comparisons

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Comparisons

Addtional ways to comparison things

Making a comparison with an adverb

Irregular forms in making comparisons

Today's lesson

Adverbs and adjectives

Comparisons

Grammar: Adjectives & Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs

What is the difference between an adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) and an adverb (bijwoord)?

Ellen is beautiful
Ellen sings beautifully

Daan is a good piano player
Daan plays the piano well

Adjectives

An adjective describes someone or something
It says something about a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)

The cat is very fat
The bicycle is red
Mike is a good student

Says something about what a person/thing is

Adverbs

Adverbs say something about words other than nouns (verb, adjective, another adverb, a phrase or sentence)
An adverb describes how/in what way something happens
It often says something about a verb

My brother smiles happily
The dog barks loudly
Jane works quickly

Adverbs

Adverbs can say something about adjectives

Frank is an extremely good singer
My brother is an awfully careful driver
It’s an absolutely perfect video clip

Adverbs

Adverbs can say something about other adverbs

Frank sings absolutely beautifully
My brother drives very carefully
That clip was filmed extremely well

Adverbs

Adverbs can say something about a phrase or sentence

Surely, that was a mistake
Fortunately, I had been able to reach him

How to form an adverb

Put -ly after the adjective

• Sure – surely, beautiful – beautifully
  

Sometimes the spelling changes:

y -> ily            easy – easily
le -> ly            probable– probably

Watch out: The adverb of 'good' is 'well'

She is a *wonderful* person

1. adjective
2. adverb

I have a *fantastic* brother

1. adjective
2. adverb

Steven learns very *quickly*

1. adjective
2. adverb

Those were some *easy* questions

1. adjective
2. adverb

Mark sings *well*

1. adjective
2. adverb

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Watch out: friendly, silly, lovely, unlikely are adjectives, not adverbs!

If you want to use them as adverbs, you need to use 'way' or 'manner'

• He spoke in a very friendly way

• They acted in a silly manner

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Words can be both adverbs and adjectives
This counts for words ending in –ly: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early

• It’s a daily paper            It comes out daily

• We took an early bus        We got up early

It also counts for: high, low, far, fast, wrong, strange

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Adjectives and their adverbs can have different meanings

Short – shortly
Hard – hardly
High – highly
Late – lately

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Na werkwoorden die een zintuiglijke waarneming uitdrukken, zoals taste, look, feel, smell, sound komt er een adjective, geen adverb

Your chocolates tasted very good
She looked bad

Sorry! I acted ____ (stupid).

That engine is very ____ (noisy).

Tim is a very ____ (hard) worker.

You didn't do your work ____ (correct).

Continue with... 

U2: L3 Ex. 8, 10, 11, 12 & 14

Finished ? Try this quiz  or this one

Online exercise 1 or 2. 

Use test jezelf and start learning words

Comparisons: How do you compare things in English?

Degrees of comparison

There are 3 degrees of comparison: 

• adjective (bv nw): tall
• comparative (vergrotende trap) : taller
• superlative (overtreffende trap) : tallest
  

Adjectives of one syllable (1 lettergreep):

                                                                                         General Rule:   Tall – Taller – Tallest 

Double the consonant 

sad-sadder-saddest

big-bigger-biggest

thin-thinner-thinnest

fat-fatter-fattest

hot-hotter-hottest

wet-wetter-wettest

Does it sound short? Double consonant!

-er & -est

Adjectives of two or more syllables (2 or meer letgr.): 

You add more and the most in these words.

>>>>> beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful 

• Some adjectives of two syllables have two forms:
  
  

Simple – simpler-simplest / simple – more simple – most simple
Other examples: clever, common, cruel, gentle, likely, narrow, pleasant, polite, handsome, quiet, stupid

likely narrow

pleasant

polite

simple

stupid

Don't forget - Than and the

Comparison = ....than 

Superlative = The .....

+er = ................ + er than , more ....2+syllables... than

+est = The ............ + est, The most ...2+ syllables ........

Comparing

Two objects that are different:

1) This house is bigger than that one.

2) Our house is not as expensive as our neighbours'.

Our house is not so expensive as our neighbours'.

Two objects that are the same.

3) She is as intelligent as her brother.

Other examples

the + comparitive adjective, the better 

>> The quicker, the better 

>>  The smaller, the better

>> The sooner, the better

 

Comparative and superlative with ADVERBS (bijwoord)

Adverbs ending in -ly

Adverb – comparative adverb – superlative adverb:

frequently - more frequently - the most frequently

Rabbits are seen more frequently than hares. 

Onreglmatige vormen

Good / better / best

Bad / worse / worst

Little / smaller / smallest (size)

Little / less / least (not countable quantity)

few / fewer / fewest (countable quantity)

many - much / more / most

far / farther - further / farthest - furthest (distance)

old - elder - eldest (in family relations)

Combineer het aantal lettergrepen met de vorm:

-er / -est

more / most

beide vormen

1 lettergreep

2 lettergrepen

2 lettergrepen eindigend op y

2 lettergrepen eindigend op er, le of ow

3 of meer lettergrepen

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
China is ... (big) the U.S.

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
Football is ... (popular) sport in the world.

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
The North Pole is ... (cold) the Netherlands.

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
My friends bought me a PS5. They are... (good) friends ever!

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
My grandfather is ... (old) in our family.

Maak een vergelijking met het woord tussen haakjes:
I am so busy. Today I have even ... (little) time than yesterday...

This flower is .................. (beautiful)
than that one.

1. beautifuller
2. more beautiful

It is strange but often a pepsi is .........(expensive) than a beer.

1. expensiver
2. more expensive

Which is the ............... (dangerous)
animal in the world?

1. dangerousest
2. most dangerous

Combineer het aantal lettergrepen met de vorm:

-er / -est

more / most

beide vormen

1 lettergreep

2 lettergrepen

2 lettergrepen eindigend op y

2 lettergrepen eindigend op er, le of ow

3 of meer lettergrepen

Onregelmatige vormen

good - better - best

bad - worse - worst

few - fewer - fewest

little -  less - least

many - more - most

much - more - most

https:

Continue with....

Unit 2: Lesson 2 Ex. 17 & 18

U2: L2 Ex. 15 & 16 - Negative prefixes  - Short explaination

Start learning the vocabulary for Unit 2