The rise of Islam

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Final lessons + Test (§1,2,3)

Today: The Rise of Islam

Next lesson: The Crusades

Last lesson: Knowledge and skills 5.4

TEST: Friday, July 1, 14:05 - 15:05

Draw the text to the correct picture.

The lord

The serf

Gives farmland and protection

Gives a part of his crops and does services

 The rise of Islam

The medieval church

Let op!

Deze les gaat over het ontstaan van de islam. Als je islamitisch bent kan het zijn dat je het met sommige dingen niet eens bent.

Bij geschiedenis kijken we vooral naar de dingen die wij zeker weten (feiten) en proberen we dat wat mensen geloven (meningen) te respecteren.

What do you know about Islam?

Multiple gods

In the sixth century, the Arabs were polytheistic

In the city of Mecca stood the Ka'aba: a big black stone

At this place the Arabs offered their gods

Mecca was located at a crossroads of trade routes and was an important trading city.

A vision

Mohammed was a merchant from Mecca 

In a vision, an angel told him that there is only one god: Allah.

Muhammad told the people in Mecca about his vision, but hardly anyone would listen to him 

 He was chased out of the city

From Mecca to Medina

622

Muhammed flees to Medina

Many Jews and Christians lived in Medina; they too believe in one God (monotheism).

Muhammad, who called himself the prophet of Allah, got many followers.

They called themselves Muslims and their religion was Islam.

Back to Mecca

630

With his Muslims, Muhammad went back to Mecca 

Muhammad conquered the city

Many inhabitants of Mecca then became Muslims

At the Ka'aba people were allowed to pray to Allah only

Om de stad te bevrijden van het verkeerde geloof

The islam

Islam means: 'submission' (to Allah)

The most important book is the Qur'an (القرآن)

According to Muslims, the words in the Arabic language were told to Mochromhammed by Allah through the angel Gabriel.

In addition, a Muslim must (as much as possible) adhere to the five pillars, these are religious obligations

Five pillars of the Islam

geloofsbelijdenis (sjahada)

الشهادة

rituele gebeden (salat)

الصّلاة

geven aan armen (zakat)

زكاة

vasten

(ramadan)

رمضان

pelgrimstocht 

(hadj)

الحجّ

Geloofsbelijdenis / Creed (Sjahada)

الشهادة

To become a Muslim you must pronounce the Shahada

If you do this you recognize that Allah is your god:

• أَشْـهَدُ أَنْ لا إِلـهَ إِلاّ الله ، وَأَشْـهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمّـداً رَسـولُ الله
• asjhadoe ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāh, wa asjhadoe anna moeḥammadan rasōēloe-llāh
• Ik getuig dat er geen god is naast Allah en dat Mohammad zijn boodschapper is

Bidden / Prayer (Salat)

الصّلاة

According to the salat, every Muslim should pray 5 times a day

In this Allah is thanked and honored

It often happens through fixed rules

For example, you should always pray towards Mecca (the Kaaba)

Geven aan armen /  (Zakat)

زكاة

A good Muslim takes care of people who are having a hard time

That's why they give money to people who have less

This also makes you pay for your sins

Fair enough: this should only be done if you can miss it

Vasten / Fast (Ramadan)

رمضان

During Ramadan, Muslims do not eat and drink during the day

This cleans their body and allows them to focus more on faith and Allah

This happens every year for a month

Tussen zonsopkomst en zondsondergang

Pelgrimstocht / Pilgrimage (Hadj)

الحجّ

Every Muslim must go to Mecca once in their life

During this pilgrimage they do many rituals

The most famous is walking around the Kaaba

You should only do this if you really can

Genoeg geld, goede gezondheid, de reis is veilig, etc.

What is NOT a pillar of Islam?

1. Going to Mecca once in your lifetime
2. Going to church often
3. Giving money to the poor
4. Praying five times a day

What is NOT a pillar of Islam?

1. Participating in Ramadan (fasting)
2. Prayer
3. Not eating pork
4. Worshipping Allah and Muhammed

To which religion does it belong?

Christianity

Islam

Both

Muhammed

Monotheism

Church

mosque

Mecca

Bible

Jesus

Quran

Make the right combinations

Holy book for muslims

City from which Muhammad fled in the year 622

The god of the muslims

City to which Mohammed fled in the year 622

People who believe that Mohammed spoke the truth

Quran

Mecca

Muslims

Allah

Medina

Conquest

• After Muhammad's death, spiritual and political power came into the hands of the caliphs (successors).
  
• They decided to expand the Caliphate (Islamic Empire) by conquest.
  
• Such a war of conquest is called a jihad, a holy war.
  
• The Arab rulers were usually tolerant of Jews and Christians because they believed in the same god as Muslims.
  
• Jews and Christians had to pay extra taxes to the Muslim rulers.

De verspreiding van de islam.

Science and art

• Science flourished in the Arab world.
  
• Many ancient texts were translated from Greek to Arabic.
  
• Thus, much knowledge from classical antiquity was preserved.

You now know:

• How islam formed
  
• How the Arab empire formed
  
• How culture and society in the Arab world developed
  
• How the Arab science and art developed