6.2 Unity and division in Europe

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6. The world today

6.2  Unity and division in Europe

What was last lesson about?

What does a totalitarian government do?

Which countries are ruled by a totalitarian power

Era 10: Time of television and computer

1950-now

'modern times'

Learning goal

You can explain why the fall of the Soviet Union caused more unrest in Europe.

You can explain why the united nations failed to protect the people of Yugoslavia.

Is the disintegration of the Soviet Union a direct or indirect cause of the genocide in Srebrenica? Explain your answer.

10 minuten zelfstandig aan de slag

- Ga aan de slag met het portfolio

1. portfolio-opdracht

2. samenvattings opdrachten

- Ga aan de slag met de opdrachten uit het werkboek

§6.3: 2-3-4-5-6-7-8

New countries and borders

as of 1990

The fall of communism and the Soviet Union changed the borders enormously.

Countries fall apart (Czechoslovakia) or come together again (Germany). At the end of the 20th century the map of Europe looks very different from the beginning.

Show: 6.2 The development of the EU interactive map. 1989 - 2008

Yugoslav civil wars

1991-1999

• In Yugoslavia, which was created after the First World War, live many different peoples.
  
• After the fall of the Soviet Union they (Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina) want to become independent from Yugoslavia.
  
• The Serbian minority doesn't want this: they want a Greater Serbia.

Serbian leader Milošević starts wars in Slovenia and Croatia, but the Serbs soon lose (1991). In Bosnia-Herzegovina, however, the war lasted three years (1992-1995).

Only when NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) intervenes, an agreement is reached and Bosnia-Herzegovina becomes an independent country.

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• Dutch UN soldiers, Dutchbat, are given the task of protecting the city of Srebrenica against the Serbian troops under General Mladić .
  
• In this city there are thousands of Bosnian Muslims who have fled.
  
• They hope to be safe in the city...

Dutchbat is an abbreviation of Dutch Batallion (Dutch battalion), the Dutch part of the UN peacekeeping force. The last battalion, Dutchbat III, was present at the fall of Srebrenica.

• ...but on July 11, 1995, the Serbian army attacks Srebrenica.
  
• Dutchbat received no permission from the UN to stop the Serbs.
  
• Even when the Serbian soldiers separated the 8,000 Bosnian men and boys from their families and took them with them, the Dutch blue helmets were powerless. 

• Later it turns out that the Serbs killed almost all these men.
  

• Srebrenica' is the largest mass murder (genocide) in Europe since the Holocaust during World War II. 

Genocide in Srebrenic

11 July 1995

• During the wars in Croatia and Bosnia, the United Nations sent troops to protect the population. 
  
• These troops are lightly armed to appear as neutral as possible..
  

Imagine you were one of the Dutchbat soldiers, what feelings would you have when the Serbians took over power?

What choices would you make? Would you do the same or choose to not accept orders and fight back?

00:19

Why do the EUmake and pass laws? Three reasons

00:48

Who has the authority to propose legislation in the EU?

1. European Council
2. European Central Bank
3. European Parliament
4. European Commission

01:07

What is the main role of the European Parliament?

1. Issuing national passports
2. Developing and passing EU laws
3. Setting trade policies
4. Advising the European Commission

The European Union

Learning objectives

You can explain the different tasks the European Union has

You can form an opinion about why the European Union is important to exist (or not)

I don't care at all about the European Union. What they decide is none of my business

1. Agree
2. Disagree

In my opinion, the Netherlands should leave the EU

1. Agree
2. Disagree

I actually have no idea of what's decided by the EU and how it is organized

1. Agree
2. Disagree

Why is it useful to have the same currency?

The Euro

2002

• The countries of the European Union will have a single currency from 2002: the euro.
  
• Not all European countries will join the euro. Some countries want to keep their own currency or did not have such a strong economy.

The governance of Europe

• The European Commission
  
• The European Parliament
  
• The Council of Ministers

What was last lesson about

European Commission

• The European Commission consists of 28 Commissioners.
  
• These Commissioners can best be compared with our ministers.
  
• The Commission proposes new laws and ensures that laws are implemented.

Task of European Commission

European Parlement

• The European Parliament is composed of 751 Members. They are elected every five years by the citizens of the Member States. The more inhabitants a Member State has, the more seats it has in the European Parliament.
  
• The Parliament decides on the legislative proposals of the European Commission, but has no right of amendment. 

Task of European Parlement

Council of Ministers

• The Council of Ministers is composed of all ministers from all Member States. Actually, the composition is different every time, because when it comes to the environment, only the Environment Ministers come.
  
• The Council of Ministers, like the European Parliament, must approve or reject any new legislative proposal.

Task of Council of Ministers

Which of the following is responsible for proposing new laws?

1. European Commission
2. European Parlement
3. Council Ministers

Which of the following is responsible for approving or rejecting any new lagislative proposals?

1. European Commission
2. European Parlement
3. Council of Ministers

Which of the following is includes all ministers of the member states?

1. European Commission
2. European Parlement
3. Council of ministers

The European Parlment has no right of amendment. What does this mean?

What law applies?

• EU laws only deal with subjects that concern several Member States, e.g. the environment. How fast you are allowed to drive on the highway in the Netherlands is determined by our parliament: this is really only about the Netherlands.
  
• A Dutch law may not conflict with an EU law.
  
• The other way around is possible: in that case, the Netherlands must amend the law.

A European constitution is a good idea

1. Agree
2. Disagree

A European constitution? U.S.E

• In 2004 it was decided that there would be a European constitution.
  
• The people of Europe were allowed to decide on this in a referendum.
  
• Some were shocked: so much power for Europe?!
  
• The inhabitants of the Netherlands and France voted against: there was no European constitution. So there is no 'United States of Europe' yet.

What do you notice of it?

• The Euro
  
• Consumer rights (warranty)
  
• European citizenship (including free movement)
  
• Human rights (democracy)
  
• European counter-terrorism

Brexit

2020

• Due to the economic crisis (2007-2009) and the problems surrounding refugees, there are more and more critical voices about Europe.
  
• Some political parties in European countries are strongly against the power of Europe and want to leave the EU.
  
• In January 2020 the British left the EU (Brexit).

How are members of the European Parliament elected?

1. By direct elections from EU citizens
2. By appointment from national governments
3. By purchasing their seats
4. By winning a lottery

Name 3 things you've learned in this lesson

Do you have a question?

Aan het werk

1. Samenvattingsopdrachten

-> samen in een groepje met Mnr. Rijkers

2. Portfolio opdracht

-> individueel

3. Werkboek §6.3: 2-3-4-5-6-7-8 

-> tweetallen