6.1 The new energy-sources

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Chapter 6 the industrial revolution

1800– 1900

Describe the working conditions of labourers

Time to work:

• prepare for the small test
• Read par 5.1-5.2 and 5.4
• Make 5.2 and 5.4

6. 1 New energy sources

This lesson

• industrial revolution
• expl 6.1
• time to work

objectives

At the end of this lesson you can describe at least three causes and effects of the Industrial revolution

A world changing revolution....Britain 1700

Why did it start in Great Britain?

Britain 1800

 Agrarische revolutie zorgt voor bevolkingsgroei

Agricultural Revolution 

growth of population

Tiny bits of land bought by rich landowners, added to one

Agricultural revolution

consequences:

- More land=

- More, better, new crops

- more food

Mechanisation

tractors replace manual labor

Wealthy landowners

To keep up in competition, traders centralised labour in one factory. House labour disappeares.

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6. 1 New energy sources

• Read par 6,1

A world changing revolution....Britain 1700

Why did it start in Great Britain?

Britain 1800

 Agrarische revolutie zorgt voor bevolkingsgroei

Agricultural Revolution 

growth of population

A world changing revolution

Before the Industrial Revolution, people lived in an agricultural-urban society. Work was done by manual labour or with the help of animal power . However, this changed from 1750 onwards, when the Industrial Revolution began in Britain. 

Why did it start there? 

One reason is that Britain had favourable conditions: 

- there were lots of natural resources 

- a great number of inhabitants were interested in technology and progress. 

- many harbours to ship goods from. 

- An agricultural revolution occurred in Britain. The use of new techniques and investment in farming led to an agricultural surplus. Because of the abundance of food, the population grew from 5.5 million to 15.9 million people between 1700 and 1840. A bigger population meant that there was a higher demand for products, especially clothes.

steam power would soon be used for transportation. 

Triggered by textile

Before the Industrial Revolution clothes were made by small scale textile workers, but also by farmers at home. 

- New inventions were made to increase textile production more and more. One of the first machines was called the Spinning Jenny, which was eventually able to increase the spinning speed up to a hundred and twenty times. 

- Later machines worked on waterpower and did not need a lot of manpower. 

 - finally they used steam power. In 1712 the first real steam engine was used to pump water from a mine, but it became popular for more industries after James Watt made an adapted version. 

The steam engines worked on water and coal. The coal was burned to heat up water in order to produce steam. Its rotary movement revolutionised industry. But steam engines were so large that they had to be placed in special halls called factories. Workers were still needed to operate the machines and began to live close to the factories.

Top: Using the Spinning Jenny increased spinning speed multiple times. Wood engraving c. 1880.

Bottom: Interior of a cotton factory showing use of child labour (nineteenth century).

A revolution in transportation

The Industrial Revolution triggered a tidal wave of inventions in transport and communication.

 One of the biggest changes in transport was the invention of the steam locomotive. The first model was developed in 1808, and over the following decades, railways were built all over Europe and North America. 

Trains brought products and people to different areas of a country and stimulated industrial growth. They transported fossil fuels, which made it possible to build factories in many places and not just close to mines or waterways.

 At sea, steamships gradually replaced sailing ships. Captains on ocean or riverboats no longer had to depend on good wind or strong currents, which made travel faster and the world smaller. 

 Inside a nineteenth century iron factory. Painting by Adolph Menzel (1875).

Cast iron and electricity

Besides new methods of transportation, the Industrial Revolution also set off the start of the production of steel buildings. 

- The Iron Bridge built in 1781 to cross the River Severn in England. It was celebrated as a technological wonder. 

- The Eiffel Tower in Paris are examples of cast iron buildings. When the Eiffel Tower was built in 1889, it was the tallest building in the world (‘magician of iron.’ )

- Alessandro Volta built a battery. The use of electricity as an energy source led to more inventions, such as the telegraph, the telephone, the microphone and the lightbulb.

Urbanisation

Urbanisation

Urbanisation;

People moved from the countryside to the city.

There was a lot of work in the cities. -> more and more factories came.

Time to work:

- read par 6,2

- make par 6,2

Time to work:

• prepare for the small test
• Check HW
• Read par 6.1
• Make par 6.1

tractors vervangen 

huisnijverheid

weinig opbrengst eigen landje

werk in de steden

Wonen bij je werk

Pushfactor

Pushfactor

Pullfactor

Pullfactor