4.1 Manchester: from industry to high-tech

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 3

4.1. Manchester: from industry to high-tech

• Manchester
• First industrial city
• Crisis and renewal
• High-tech in Manchester 

Why Manchester?

The Geo uses a place to teach geographical concepts!  Apply your knowledge to other places

Manchester

From the world’s first industrial city to a leading city for music and sport.

What do you notice about the location on Manchester?

The first industrial city 

Manchester is where the Industrial Revolution began

--> textile factories

18th Century, Manual labour replaced by steam driven factory production

The first industrial city 

All the textile factories were located along a canal close to a coal mine, because coal: 

- was needed to power the steam engines

- was difficult and expensive to transport

 Coal sources and transport costs were important location factors for textile factories.

The first industrial city 

Other important location factors:

- skilled and experienced spinners and weavers

- presence of smart entrepreneurs --> mass production of textiles with evolutionary steam engines in big factories.

- location near the port of Liverpool --> import of raw material (cotton).

Why was Manchester called 'Cottonopolis' in the 19th Century?

Why is Manchester now known as the Rock'n'Goal capital of the world?

4.1. Manchester: from industry to high-tech

• Manchester - CHECK
• First industrial city - CHECK
• Crisis and renewal
• High-tech in Manchester 

Manchester no longer makes textiles.
It went into a period of decline after the 1970's. Why?

Crisis and renewal

The initial location factors have changed completely:

- coal has been replaced by electricity

- more modern machines abroad

- cheaper labour in low-wage countries --> disappearance of industry = crisis after 1970

Crisis and renewal

After years of crisis in Manchester --> recovery:

- light industry

- service sector: high-tech and     science

- urban renewal

Do you know of the different sectors?

Which ones do your parents work in?

Which one do YOU want to work in?

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Tertiary sector

Quaternary sector

Provides services, includding commercial services, professional, socail, entertainment and personal. 

Making things either by manufacture or construction

This is a new sector and is linked to ICT and research development

Working with or the extraction of natural resources

High-tech in Manchester

Manchester is a popular location for companies in high-tech industry. --> examples: medicines, biotechnology, micro-electronics

Characteristics:

- large multinationals

- capital --> R&D (research & development) --> knowledge-intensive

- ‘weightless’ production --> footloose

Why do footloose high-tech companies like to be located close together in and around Manchester?

Economies of agglomeration = the benefits that businesses gain from being located near one another.

Example: University of Manchester

Good accessibility for international contacts  -  infrastructure 

Examples: airport, motorways

Living environment for employees

Examples: attractive city centre, beautiful landscape

Name an example of an economy of agglomeration...
Be as creative as you want!
I'll go first, Schools :)

Why do you think there are so many multinational businesses located in Hilversum?