Age of Reason 4.2

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, havo
• Leerjaar 2

Planning today

Start new chapter - What do you know?

Info 4.2

Homework

Drawing a keyword

Welke hoort er niet bij?

Rational optimism

Social mobility

Memento mori

Individualism

What do these keywords mean?

Rational optimism

Social mobility

Individualism

 The age of reason

In the 17th century (1600-1700) there was a scientific revolution

Scientists started working with new methods and logic thinking. This new way of thinking also inspired philosophers.

Philosophers questioned every aspect of life: nature, science, religion, morals and behaviour. 

This is called 'enlightened thinking'

Enlightened thinking

The philosophers started to believe in things as basic human rights for everyone. They believed people should have equal rights. 

They saw the Middle Ages as a dark time full of superstition. 

This new way of thinking made room for 'light'.

That is why we call this century The Age of Enlightenment.

5 core ideas

Read Philosophes on page 82.

What were the 5 core ideas?

French estate system

Clergy

nobility

The rest

No social mobility

John Locke & Montesquieu

Read More rights for the people on page 83

What were the ideas of these philosophers?

What to do now?

Make a summary/mindmap of paragraph 4.2

Planning today

- Repetition (drawing)

- Info 5.1 French Revolution

- Working on homework

- Woordzoeker?

1 person draws, the others guess

Laat 1 leerling het begrip 'Enlightenment' tekenen. 

three-estate system

First and second estate had privileges.

Third estate had duties

Lesson goals

After this lesson you can:

> Explain characteristics of the estates system and the Ancien Régime

> Explain the causes and effects of the French Revolution

5.1 Causes and outbreak

3rd estate were mostly farmers and serfs.

After Renaissance it also included richer and highly educated people >  bourgeoisie

More people became dissatisfied with this system

Why? 

5.1 Causes and outbreak

An empty treasury

Expensive wars and luxurious lifestyle led to immense debt for France.

King Louis XVI summoned the States-General (Staten-Generaal)

to find a way to pay off the debt via taxing the first and second estate. 

-> Estate system privileges 

An empty treasury

1789: States-General comes together in Versailles.
Disagreement about the way of voting

The third estate declares themselves the National Assembly (Nationale Vergadering), they now represent the French people

Eed op de kaatsbaan

Tennis court oath (eed op de kaatsbaan)

>> to write a constitution 

Louis XVI sents his army and riots break out in Paris

14th of July 1789: Storming of the Bastille

Revolution

The National Assembly abolished all privileges of the 1st and 2nd estate. 

In september 1791 the constitution (grondwet) was completed

France became a constitutional monarchy (constitutionele monarchie)

>> What does this mean?

What to do now?

Make a (handwritten!) summary/mindmap/timeline etc.