This lesson contains 53 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 8 videos.
Lesson duration is: 45 min
Items in this lesson
2.5: Hitler's dictatorship
AGE 9. The Time of World Wars
Slide 1 - Slide
Last week you learned what a parliament is.
Before we continue, you need to know what a government is.
So, let's recap a little.....
AGE 9. The Time of World Wars
Slide 2 - Slide
What is a parliament again?
Slide 3 - Mind map
What is a parliament again?
Slide 4 - Mind map
In a democracy power is not in the hands of 1 person. Power is divided into 3 equal branches.
What do we call the "separation of powers" again?
Slide 5 - Mind map
What does a parliament do?
Slide 6 - Mind map
Which power does parliament hold in the Trias Politica (or in any democratic state)?
A
judicial power
B
absolute power
C
legislative power
D
executive power
Slide 7 - Quiz
Which of the following does NOT belong to parliament?
A
1e & 2e Kamer
B
Staten-Generaal
C
peoples' representatives
D
prime minister
Slide 8 - Quiz
What was the name of the German parliament during the Weimar Republic?
A
Bundestag
B
Reichstag
C
Freitag
D
Rekentaak
Slide 9 - Quiz
So, parliament "makes the laws". But it has another function within the Trias Politica.
Which one?
A
execute the new laws
B
check the government
C
prosecute people who break the law
D
appoint the king
Slide 10 - Quiz
Parliament:
in a democracy power is separated into 3 equal branches.
parliament is the legislative power: it makes the laws.
parliament is elected by the people. It is therefore "the people's representatives".
The other two branches are the executive and judicial power.
The executive power is the government.
But what is a government?
Slide 11 - Slide
Government:
the government is a small group: ministers, led by a prime minister.
This group is mostly referred to as the cabinet.
The cabinet's task is to execute parliament's laws.
A new cabinet is formed after the (parliament) elections.
The winning party of the elections has the first choice to form a cabinet and appoint the (prime) ministers from its own party.
Slide 12 - Slide
Slide 13 - Slide
Slide 14 - Slide
Slide 15 - Slide
Government:
So: government = cabinet = ministers (+ prime minister)
With a majority support in parliament a cabinet can pass its own plans / ideas as new laws.
In Germany the prime minister is called the "chancellor" (kanselier)
Hitler wanted his nazi party to win the Reichstag elections.
He would then become chancellor.
He could then start to execute his own plans.....
Slide 16 - Slide
Slide 17 - Video
What is a parliament again?
Slide 18 - Mind map
What is a parliament again?
Slide 19 - Mind map
lesson 2.5: Hitler's dictatorship.
main question: How did Hitler seize power, then destroy democracy and strengthen his position to turn Germany into a totalitarian Nazi state?
Subjects in this lesson:
1933: -Hitler becomes chancellor.
-Reichstag fire
- new elections, March: overall majority, enables him to pass:
-the Enabling Act in parliament: power to rule without parliament
1934: -Night of the Long Knives: getting rid of critical people within the S.A.
-Hitler becomes FÜHRER (leader): absolute power.
Slide 20 - Slide
lesson 2.5: Hitler's dictatorship.
Nazis start to turn Germany into a totalitarian state (nazification):
- nazis control of media and culture
- propaganda and cult of personality
- racial ideology, indoctrinate children / education
- terror: SS & Gestapo, concentration camps
Slide 21 - Slide
After 1929: Thanks to the crisis, Hitler’s party grew.
Slide 22 - Slide
Reichstag elections July 1932
Nazis (brown) are largest parties, but don't have an overall majority
Slide 23 - Slide
Jan. 1933, Hitler is appointed "chancellor"....
Slide 24 - Slide
...but the nazis don't have an overall a majority in parliament.
And that is what Hitler wants.
Slide 25 - Slide
When the Reichstag building is set on fire by a communist,
Hitler seizes the opportunity...
Slide 26 - Slide
Hitler declares communists state enemies and organises new elections, using propaganda and terror.
Slide 27 - Slide
the S.A. (Sturm Abteilung) = nazis in uniforms.
They arrest communists and intimidate voters
Slide 28 - Slide
Reichstag elections March 1933
Nazis (brown) , together with another nationalist party, have an overall majority
Slide 29 - Slide
With a majority support in parliament Hitler proposes a new law:
the Enabling Act
Slide 30 - Slide
This law gives Hitler the power to rule without parliament!
Hitler now has dictatorial powers.
Slide 31 - Slide
To strengthen his power, Hitler needed to get rid of "critical" members of his own S.A. (sturmabteilung)
Ernst Röhm
Slide 32 - Slide
SA leaders wanted more political influence.
Hitler did not want to share any power.
Slide 33 - Slide
Hitler turns to his elite bodyguard troops: the SS to help him
Slide 34 - Slide
During the "Night of the Long Knives" the SA is purged by the SS.
Hitler claims he has prevented an "SA coup".
Slide 35 - Slide
Slide 36 - Video
Two months later president Hindenburg dies.
He was the last remnant of the Weimar republic.
Slide 37 - Slide
Hitler succeeds Hindenburg, combines his office "chancellor" with
that of "president" into a new title: FÜHRER
Slide 38 - Slide
Hitler succeeds Hindenburg, combines his office "chancellor" with
that of "president" into a new title: FÜHRER
Slide 39 - Slide
NAZI RADIO
Slide 40 - Slide
NAZI POSTERS
Slide 41 - Slide
NAZI FILM
Slide 42 - Slide
Slide 43 - Video
NAZI ART
Slide 44 - Slide
NAZI EDUCATION
Slide 45 - Slide
Slide 46 - Slide
Slide 47 - Video
Terror and concentration camps
In 1925, the highly-trained SS personnel became Hitler’s personal bodyguards. From 1934 onwards, when Hitler got rid of the SA, the task of the SS was to defend the national-socialist state and eliminate all its opponents. In 1934, the Gestapo was founded, the Nazi secret police. At the start of Hitler’s rule, ten thousand of Communists had been arrested, many after the Reichstag Fire. Prisons soon proved to be too small and so many of the prisoners were send to abandoned areas. Here wooden barracks were set up, surrounded by barbed wire and watchtowers. The SS took command of these concentration camps. At first, political adversaries, such as critical teachers, journalists and members of different political parties were locked up. But soon Hitler also ordered people who were inferior, according to his racial doctrine, to be send to these camps: Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and disabled people were sent prison, tortured and mistreated. Most of them did not survive.
summarize
What were the SS and Gestapo used for?
Which two groups were locked up in concentration camps?