States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Sleep, and Dreams

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States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Sleep, and Dreams

How are sleep and hypnosis
similar and different?

Today we'll find out what psychology says about sleep, dreams and hypnosis.

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. identify the main features of sleep and hypnosis;

2. describe the stages of sleep and the types of hypnosis;

3. compare sleep and hypnosis;

4. express their opinions about sleep and hypnosis using the new vocabulary.

What do you associate with sleep?
Type ONE word only.

How many hours do you usually sleep on weekdays?

1

Less than 6 hours

2

6–7 hours

3

7–8 hours

4

More than 8 hours

How well did you sleep last night?

1

Very well

2

Quite well

3

Not very well

4

Very badly

🎥Watch the video and answer the questions.

🔹 What are the two main types of sleep?

🔹 What happens during REM sleep?

🔹 Why is deep sleep important?

Fill in the blanks. There is ONE extra word.

Most dreams occur during REM sleep.

Deep sleep helps the body recover.

During REM sleep, the brain is highly active.

Good sleep helps you feel refreshed.

REM sleep.

Deep sleep

REM sleep

Good sleep

Hypnosis

Drag each characteristic to the correct stage of sleep.

Deep Sleep

REM Sleep

Vivid dreams

Active brain

Feeling refreshed

Physical recovery

Scan the QR code and complete the matching activity.

Vocabulary Discovery

Read the words and match them with the correct definitions.

Definition

Word

а) knowledge of what is happening around you
b) awareness of yourself and your surroundings

c) a focused state of consciousness with increased responsiveness to

suggestions

d) the deepest stage of sleep when the body recovers

e) the process of becoming healthy or strong again

f) the early period of sleep when the body begins to relax
g) a different state of awareness from normal waking consciousness
h) the stage of sleep when vivid dreams usually occur
i) to bring back energy, health, or strength

1. consciousness

2. awareness

3. altered state of consciousness

4. hypnosis

5. REM sleep

6. delta sleep

7. quiet sleep

8. recovery

9. restore

Read the words and match them with the correct definitions.

1. memory a) the ability to store and remember information

2. perception b) the tendency to accept or respond to suggestions

3. suggestibility c) the way people understand or experience something

4. anxiety d) a feeling of worry, nervousness, or fear

5. vivid e) the body's defence against illness

6. immune system f) very clear, detailed, and realistic

7. judgement g) the state of becoming calm and less tense

8. relaxation h) the ability to make sensible decisions

9. concentrate i) an idea or instruction given to influence someone's thoughts or behaviour

10. suggestion j) to focus your attention on somethingWord

Translate the following words into Ukrainian.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY:

consciousness, awareness, altered state of consciousness, hypnosis, REM sleep, delta sleep, quiet sleep, recovery, restore, memory, perception, suggestibility, anxiety, vivid, immune system, judgement, relaxation, concentrate, suggestion

HYPNOSIS: AN ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Passage 1

Hypnosis is a special state of consciousness in which a person becomes more focused and more responsive to suggestions. During hypnosis, attention is usually directed towards one idea, image, or feeling. However, hypnosis is not the same as sleep. A hypnotised person is normally awake, can hear the hypnotist, and can understand what is happening.

Question 1
Is hypnosis the same as sleep?

Passage 2
A typical hypnosis session includes several stages. First, the person is asked to relax and concentrate. Second, the hypnotist helps the person focus on a particular object, sound, or thought. Third, the hypnotist gives suggestions that may influence the person’s perception, feelings, or behaviour. Finally, the person gradually returns to their normal state of awareness.

Question 2
What are the four stages of a hypnosis session?

HYPNOSIS: AN ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Passage 3

There are several types of hypnosis. Stage hypnosis is mainly used for entertainment. Experimental hypnosis is studied by researchers who want to understand attention, memory, and suggestibility. Clinical hypnosis is used by trained specialists as part of psychological or medical treatment.

Question 3
What are the three types of hypnosis?

HYPNOSIS: AN ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Passage 4
Clinical hypnosis may help people manage anxiety, stress, fear, or pain. For example, it can be used to help a patient feel calmer before a medical or dental procedure. However, hypnosis does not give another person complete control over someone’s mind. A hypnotised person does not automatically lose their values, judgement, or ability to refuse a suggestion.

Question 4
How can clinical hypnosis help people?

HYPNOSIS: AN ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

SLEEP AND DREAMS: HOW THE BRAIN AND BODY RECOVER

Passage 1
Sleep is a natural state of altered consciousness. While people are sleeping, they are less aware of their surroundings, but the brain and body continue to work. Sleep is not one continuous state. During the night, people pass through several stages that repeat in cycles.

Question 1
How is sleep different from being awake?

Passage 2
The first part of sleep is sometimes called quiet sleep. During this period, breathing becomes slower, muscles relax, and brain activity begins to decrease. The person gradually moves into deeper sleep. Delta sleep is a stage of very deep sleep. During this stage, the body carries out important restoration processes. Muscles receive more blood, damaged tissues are repaired, energy is restored, and the immune system is supported. It can be difficult to wake a person during delta sleep.

Question 2
What happens during quiet sleep? What happens during delta sleep?

SLEEP AND DREAMS: HOW THE BRAIN AND BODY RECOVER

Passage 3
REM sleep means rapid eye movement sleep. During REM sleep, the brain becomes highly active, although most muscles remain relaxed. Vivid dreams usually occur during this stage. REM sleep may also help the brain process information, organise memories, and strengthen learning.

Question 3
What happens during REM sleep?

SLEEP AND DREAMS: HOW THE BRAIN AND BODY RECOVER

Passage 4

Psychologists have proposed different explanations for sleep. According to the repair theory, sleep allows the brain and body to recover from daily activity. Other explanations suggest that sleep helps people save energy, process information, and adapt to the natural day–night cycle.

Question 4
What does the repair theory suggest?

SLEEP AND DREAMS: HOW THE BRAIN AND BODY RECOVER

Passage 5
Everybody dreams, although people do not always remember their dreams. Dreams may contain recent experiences, emotions, worries, and memories. Scientists continue to study why dreams occur and what functions they may have.

Question 5
Why don't we always remember our dreams?

SLEEP AND DREAMS: HOW THE BRAIN AND BODY RECOVER

How are sleep and hypnosis similar?
How are they different?

Read each statement. Decide whether it is True or False. Justify your answer using information from the text.

Everyone dreams, but not everyone remembers their dreams.

A

True

B

False

Hypnosis is the same as sleep.

A

True

B

False

Clinical hypnosis may help reduce anxiety.

A

True

B

False

Experimental hypnosis is used to study attention, memory, and suggestibility.

A

True

B

False

Most vivid dreams occur during delta sleep.

A

True

B

False

During delta sleep, the body restores energy and repairs damaged tissues.

A

True

B

False

Reflection

Finish the sentences.

• Today I learned that...

• The most interesting fact for me was...

• I was surprised that...

• Now I know the difference between ______ and ______.

• One question I still have is...

How confident do you feel about today's topic?

1

🟢 I understand today's topic very well.

2

🟡 I understand most of it, but I need more practice.

3

🔴 I still have questions.

How do you feel after today's lesson?