1.4 THE FIRST FARMERS

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1.4 The first farmers

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An important discovery

For centuries people lived on hunting and gathering as means of existence.

Around 9000 BC all this started to change

Some hunters-gathrers started growing their own crops: arable farming

First, people just put a few cereal grains in the soil, later they started weeding, and watering plants as well.

The first people who took up farming lived in the Middle East.

That was where another new development started thousands of years later: keeping animals.

1.4 The first farmers

Today:

• HW check
• Instruction 1.4
• Quiz
• time to work 

The earliest farmers still went hunting as well, but gradually these people managed to tame some animals, such as cows, goats, sheep and pigs. The livestock provided them with milk, meat and wool. This was the start of livestock farming

An important discovery

Arable farming and livestock farming: agriculture.

Transition to agriculture is one of the most important changes in the existence of mankind. 

Therefore: agricultural revolution.

Causes for agriculture

Farmers had to work harder than hunters-gatherers. So why did they change to agriculture?

Transition to agriculture in 3 fases:

1. In the Middle East, 10.000 years BC, climate changed--> more and more food available in nature and hunters-gatherers no longer needed to move around: less tiring.
   

Causes agriculture

2. 1000 years later started experimenting with agriculture. They learned more and more about plants and animals

Causes for agriculture

3. Agriculture became essential to stay alive. 

There was more food available--> population growth --> need even more food --> agriculture became even more important

Agriculture started in the Middle East, all kinds of wild cereal species and beans grew in this area that were well suited for groeing as crops. A lot of animals lived here that could easily be tamed as well.

Big consequences

• Permanent place to live.
• population growth and accumulating more wealth: Economy
• Social differences
• Cultural change
  

Big consequences

• Agriculture was not always healthy for humans. Livestock diseases could infect humans more easily, because they they lived with their animals. What is more, farmers only grew a few crops and had a less varied diet. 
• Ready for the quiz?????

Where did the first farmers live?
Choose the correct letter.

1. Middle East
2. Europe
3. Africa
4. Asia

What was this area called?

1. Crescent moon
2. Fertile moon
3. Fertile crescent
4. Fertile Egypt

What is livestock?
choose the correct letter.

1. growing crops
2. keeping animals
3. Another word for domestication
4. agriculture

Why is Otzi's axe proof that he was a farmer or had contact with farmers?

1. An axe is only used by farmers for creating fields
2. Copper is a metal, therefor the axe can only be made by farmers

Hunter-Gatherers had a .... lifestyle

1. Sedentary
2. Nomadic
3. Chaotic
4. Diverse

The transition form Hunter-Gatherers to Farmers is called:

1. History
2. Agricultural Revolution
3. Prehistory
4. The first civilisations

What is a different word for agriculture?

1. harvest
2. farming
3. hunting
4. cattle breeding

The first farmers appeared in our region around ....

1. 10.000 AD
2. 5300 BC
3. 3000 BC
4. 50 AC

This is pottery from the ....

1. Funnel Beaker Culture
2. hunter-gatherers
3. Middle East
4. Clay Culture

Last question:In Latin America the first crops were ...

1. wheat
2. rice
3. maize
4. alpacas

Hunter-gatherers

Farmers

Name the differences between the life-style of hunters and farmers?

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