BOL Sciences - Hormones (lesson 2)

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

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Unit 5.1: Life in Motion: Exploring Genes, Movement, and Carbon Chains

Learner Profile: Inquirers

ATL: Transfer skills

Related concepts: Function, movement

Key concept: Systems

Understanding how systems of life, motion, and matter interact, helps us explain the continuity and complexity of living organisms.

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

Programma

• Prior knowledge
• Setting learning objectives
• Instruction
• Let's get started
• Reflection and checking learning objectives

Overzicht periode #

Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7
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What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

1. Mitosis creates four cells, meiosis creates two
2. Mitosis is used for sexual reproduction, meiosis for growth
3. Mitosis produces identical cells, meiosis produces genetically different cells
4. Mitosis happens only in animals, meiosis only in plants

Describe one example of asexual reproduction and explain how it differs from sexual reproduction.

Learning objectives

You will be able to:

• Describe the role of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and reproductive organs in hormonal regulation.
• Explain how reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) interact through feedback mechanisms.
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Definition and Function of Hormones​

• Hormones are produced by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to regulate body functions.
• Hormones help the body maintain homeostasis and respond to internal and external stimuli effectively.​
• Hormones regulate reproductive functions, including secondary sexual characteristics and menstrual cycle control.​

4. Inclusieve didactiek

De docent past een inclusieve didactiek toe door de interactie, eventueel in de thuistalen, in de klas te stimuleren om tot beter begrip van de lesstof te komen. De docent creëert een contextrijke leeromgeving door actief de culturele achtergronden van leerlingen bij de lesinhoud te betrekken. Hierin is de docent zich bewust van de verschillen in de klas. Door flexibel of heterogeen te differentiëren blijft iedereen bij de les betrokken. Gedurende de les reageert de docent positief en proactief op gedrag en maakt het daarmee makkelijker voor leerlingen om gewenst gedrag te laten zien.

Overview of Endocrine Glands and Hormones

• Key Endocrine Glands​: The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and testes are central to reproductive hormone regulation.​
• Hormone Secretion Pathways​: GnRH from the hypothalamus triggers LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland.​
• Hormone Functions​: LH and FSH regulate estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone production in ovaries and testes.​

Negative Feedback Loops in Reproduction​

• Hormonal Feedback Mechanism​: Negative feedback controls hormone levels to maintain reproductive balance and prevent overproduction.​
• Role of Estrogen and Progesterone​: Estrogen inhibits FSH release, and progesterone suppresses LH secretion to regulate the menstrual cycle.​
• Hypothalamus and Pituitary Monitoring​: The hypothalamus and pituitary gland monitor hormone levels and adjust secretion for optimal reproductive function.​
• Importance of Hormonal Balance​: Disruptions in feedback loops can cause reproductive disorders, emphasizing the need for hormonal balance.​

Menstrual cycle

Menstrual cycle

• Phases of Menstrual Cycle​: The cycle includes menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase over about 28 days.​
• Hormonal Regulation​: FSH stimulates follicle growth; estrogen rise triggers LH surge causing ovulation.​
• Role of Progesterone​: Progesterone maintains uterine lining after ovulation, preparing for pregnancy.​
• Cycle Reset if No Fertilization​: If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels drop, causing menstruation to begin.​

Roles of LH, FSH, Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone​

Roles of LH, FSH, Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone​

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)​: LH triggers ovulation and the release of an egg from the ovary, playing a key role in female reproduction.​
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)​: FSH promotes growth of ovarian follicles, essential for egg development and reproductive health.​
• Estrogen​: Estrogen builds uterine lining and develops female traits.
• Progesterone: Progesterone maintains lining and supports pregnancy.​
• Testosterone's Role​: Testosterone is crucial for male secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production.​

Let's get started

Instructions:

• Make an overview of the hormonal system for reproduction (male & female) with the levels of each hormone including the negative feedback loop.

6. Actieve verwerking

De docent maakt expliciet over hoe de leerstof actief verwerkt dient te worden. Hierbij modelleert de docent eerst en laat daarna de leerlingen actief inoefenen. De ondersteuning wordt geleidelijk afgebouwd en leerlingen worden steeds zelfstandiger. De docent zorgt voor afwisseling in oefentypes en maakt gedurende de les het leren zichtbaar. De docent zet bijvoorbeeld in op hardop denken opdrachten en koppelt daar een geïnformeerde vervolgstap aan.

Reflection

You are able to:

• Explain what hormones are and how they function.
  
• Identify key reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone).
  
• Describe how the menstrual cycle is hormonally regulated.

8. Afsluiting

De docent controleert in de slotfase van de les of de leerdoelen door alle leerlingen behaald zijn en plaatst de les in de context van de betreffende Unit. De docent evalueert samen met de leerlingen het leren en het gedrag op basis van het Learner Profile en de ATL-skills. Dit wordt vastgelegd in Toddle. Samen blikken docent en leerlingen vooruit aan de hand van de JdW-planner.