Grammatica uitleg week 49

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 2

Grammar week 49

• Possessive pronouns
• Past simple/Past continuous
• Linkingwords

Possesive pronoun

Linking words

Linking words and phrases

Linking words and phrases are used to show relationships between ideas. They can be used to join 2 or more sentences or clauses (a clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb).

Linking words/phrases can be used to add ideas together, contrast them, or show the reason for something.

Adding ideas and information

Also

 

This is used to give more information or ideas. It can be put at the beginning of a sentence, or between the subject and the verb.

We are unable to repair this watch. Also, this is the fourth time this has happened.

 

I want to be an astronaut. I also want to be a biologist. What should I do?

Besides/Besides this/Besides that

This is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence. It is used to make an additional point.

• Traffic congestion is a problem in my city. Besides this, the trains are very expensive.
  
• I can't afford to go to the concert. Besides, I don't really like classical music.

As well as this/that

This is very similar to besides/besides this/besides that . It is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence. It is used to make an additional point.

• My boss is the only other person who sells the watches. As well as that, he might blame me.
  
• We went to the park today. As well as that, we did some shopping.

Showing reasons

As and since are used to introduce the reason for something. They are similar in meaning and use to 'because'. They can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, or in the middle.

As

As the watch you have returned is not genuine, we are unable to repair it.

We are unable to repair the watch you have returned as it is not genuine.

Since

Since the watch you have returned is not genuine, we are unable to repair it.

We are unable to repair the watch you have returned since it is not genuine.

As and since are more formal than because. 

Showing results

Consequently and as a consequence are linking words which link reasons with results. They are common in formal writing.

Consequently

• This is the fourth time that this has happened and, consequently, we can't accept further apologies from you.
  
• This is the fourth time that this has happened. Consequently, we can't accept further apologies from you.
  

As a consequence

• This is the fourth time that this has happened and, as a consequence, we can't accept further apologies from you.
  
• This is the fourth time that this has happened. As a consequence , we can't accept further apologies from you.
  

Contrasting ideas

Despite and in spite of

These are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb + 'ing'). They are not followed by clauses (subject + verb).

• Despite losing the match, the team were happy with their efforts.
  
• In spite of the lost match , the team were happy. (meaning: they lost the match but they were happy anyway)

If you want to use a clause with despite and in spite of, you need to add 'the fact that '.

• Despite the fact that they lost the match, the team were still happy.
• In spite of the fact that they lost , the team were still happy.

While and whereas are used to contrast two opposite ideas in one sentence . These words can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle.

• While London is exciting, it is much too busy.
• Life in the city is fast, whereas life in the countryside is slow.

Conjunctions - adding

and

• I'm missing my mum's cooking and I don't know how to cook the way she does.
  
• They like tea and coffee.
  

as well as

• As well as not having a job, Michal is running out of money.
  
• Alice looks after patients at work, as well as looking after Michal in the flat.
  
• in addition to (more formal)
  
• In addition to offering loans, we can give you advice about other financial services.
  
• There is a heated indoor swimming pool in addition to to three outdoor pools in the hotel.

Conjunctions - contrasting

but

• I'm trying to give up fast food but it's just so easy and cheap.
  
• Alice was trying to help Michal but Helen didn't understand.
  

although

• Although he's trying to be more healthy, he finds it easier to eat fast food.
  
• Tim is going to work in the stockroom although he doesn't really want to.

however (more formal)
 

• The flight has been delayed, however , the airline will offer compensation to all passengers.
• We received your cheque. However, you failed to sign it. Please do so immediately.

Conjunctions - timing

while

While Alice and Michal were hugging, Helen came in.

Tim was serving a customer while his manager was waiting to speak to him.

before

Before Michal could explain, Helen started shouting at him.

Michal began to cry before he had even finished talking to Alice.

after/after that

After New Year, some of the flatmates kept their resolutions.

They went to the cinema and after that, they walked home.

during

During the President's speech everyone has to listen carefully.

Will you put the kettle on for tea during the adverts?

Conjunctions - reasoning

so

• He's beginning to run out of money so he can't afford better food.
  
• She's joined the gym so she can get fit.
  

because + verb

• He can't afford better food because he's beginning to run out of money.
  
• Tim is going to work in the stockroom because he wants to get an interview.
  

Because of + (adjective) noun

• Because of heavy snow, this train is running approximately 15 minutes late.
  
• There are long delays on the M11 because of an accident at junction

Past simple (verleden tijd)

Vorm:

1. werkwoord + -ed (regelmatig ww)

2. onregelmatige werkwoorden. (go -went, sleep – slept, do – did, is – was, spend -spent)

 

Wanneer gebruik je de past simple?

Aan te geven dat iets is afgelopen in het verleden.

I had a party yesterday.

She went to the car shop two days ago.

Past continuous

Vorm: Was/were + ww + -ing

• Gebruikt deze tijd in combinatie met de past simple
  
• She was studying when it started to rain.
  

1 past continuous (while)

2 simple past (when)

While I was playing soccer, my grandpa suddenly turned up.

Yesterday he first bought a car, then took his brother for a ride. (opéénvolging van gebeurtenissen in het verleden)

To do:

Grammar exercises for practising:

• possesive pronouns:https://agendaweb.org/grammar/possessive-pronouns-exercises.html
• Linking words: https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/connectives/connectives-index.htm
• Past simple/past continuous: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-past-continuous-exercise-1.html

Do the reading text sent in the chat. 

1. Read the text, underline linking words that you find. What do they imply? Giving a reason? Contrasting ideas? etc....

2. Read the text again and try to summarise each paragraph in your own words.

3. Do the questions.

Work on the assignments in your studyplanner or do additional grammar exercises.