STULAN - test yourself before and/or after revising all the chapters

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 2

STULAN Test yourself 20-21

 

Here you'll find questions on all the chapters from Study of Language we dealt with in this course 

NB: except for the choice chapters (these can be found on #OO).

 

How to use this test?

 

You can take this test prior to revision to see which chapters require your utmost attention and which chapters are already (partly) understood. 

We, however, also recommend using it for testing your knowledge after revising all the chapters! 

After you've established which chapters need extra attention you can decide to go over the student-paced Lessonups of those particular chapters (see #OO).

Chapters to study

 

• Theories on why/how we came to use language (chpt 1)
• Individual words: how did we get so many? (chpt 5)
• Morphology: zooming in on word parts. (chpt 6)
• Semantics: word meaning and close relationships. (chpt 9)
• Pragmatics: How do we make sense of ambiguity? (chpt 10)
• How can we make sense of conversation? (chpt 11)
• Language families and development of (English) language (chpt 17)
• Regional and social variations in language (chpt 18 + 19)
• 
  
• Two choice chapters (see #OO - no questions in test yourself)

Next slides

 

• Recap on regional and social variations in language (chpt 18+19)

You can also decide to have students do a 'data dump' before quizzing them.

In a data dump you ask students to retrieve long-term memory items by having them write down everything they know about a subject. You don't even have to discuss their answers for it to work.

REGIONAL VARIATION

SOCIAL

VARIATION

NORMS

Diglossia + vernacular

Pidgin & Creole

Socio & Idiolect

Social markers

Style shifting

Two forms of prestige

Convergence & Divergence

upper & lower working & middle class

Dropping the h in house or leaving out the t's in tattoo while speaking are indicators of social status. These are examples of ...

What is true about an idiolect:

1. Only lower class speakers use an idiolect
2. There are no regional idiolects
3. Everybody speaks an idiolect
4. An ideolect differs only in pronunciation

What is NOT true about Pidgins?

1. They can develop into Creoles
2. They have native speakers
3. They are contact languages
4. They usually have one lexifier

Doctors tend to use a lot of ...

1. slang
2. euphemisms
3. taboo
4. jargon

Style shifting can be done in two ways: convergence & divergence. What is true about convergence?

1. adjusting your language to emphasize social distance
2. Using jargon to fit in with a social group
3. adjusting your language to reduce social distance
4. Using slang to fit in with a social group

Follow-up question:

So, which answer is the definition of divergence?

Answer: A

In the term AAVE (African American Vernacular English), vernacular means:

1. old-fashioned
2. non-standard
3. sloppy
4. ungrammatical

Follow-up question:

Why is AAVE not a 'sloppy' or ungrammatical social dialect?

Answer: it has clear rules

Which sentence DOESN'T contain slang?

1. That was a wicked gig, man!
2. I only need a fiver - just give me five quid!
3. I couldn't seem to get hold of Mrs Johnson
4. That was a kick-ass dope jump you did, bro

Next slide

 

• Theories on why/how we came to use language (chpt 1)
• In this question: find the "name" of the theory and one or more examples and /or explanations

Not included in this question: The Tool-Making Source

Text

3 X

5 X

4 X

4 X

3 X

The divine source

The natural

sound source

The social inter-action source

The physical

adaptation source

The genetic source

Innateness hypothesis

FOXP2

Larynx

capacity for speech

risk of choking

"Yo-he-ho" theory

Coordinated effort

The "Pooh-Pooh" theory

Social groups

The "Bow-Wow" theory

Onomatopeia

Instinctive emo-tional sounds

Quest for "original" language

There's one in almost every culture

Next slides: Word formation

 

• Individual words: how did we get so many? (chpt 5)
  

You can also decide to have students do a 'data dump' before quizzing them. 

In a data dump you ask students to retrieve long-term memory items by having them write down everything they know about a subject. You don't even have to discuss their answers for it to work.

Which of the following words came into the English language through coinage?

1. pretzel
2. pampers
3. infotainment
4. a hankie

Follow-up question: 

Can you explain how the others came into the English language?

Answers:

Pretzel = borrowed from German

Intotainment = blending

A hankie = hypocorism

Calling someone "Ally" whose actual name is Alison, is a clear example of:

1. Hypocorism
2. Backformation
3. Loan-translation (calque)
4. Etymology

Clipping

Blending

van

skateboard

CLIL

pin

windowpane

infotainment

misdirected

sheepish

Dinglish

webinar

gym

AI

bazaar

good-looking

kindergarten

selfless

Multiple processes: Which two processes of word formation do you recognize in the word google in the sentence below?

Could you google the answers?
(give 2 answers!)

1. Coinage (brand --> general term)
2. Backformation (usually noun --> other type of word - with reduction)
3. Hypocorism (a longerword is reduced to single syllable and -y or -ie is added)
4. Conversion (noun --> verb, but no reduction - the word stays the same)

She babysits twice a week.

"to babysit" is a clear example of:

1. conversion
2. eponym
3. acronym
4. backformation

Follow-up question:

Why is this not a case of conversion?

Answer:

There actually is reduction in this case. From babysitter to babysits.

Next slides: Semantics

 

• Semantics: word meaning and close relationships. (chpt 9)

Not included in these questions: referential vs. associative/emotive meaning and collocations. 

Identify the two co-hyponyms of the superordinate "sports"

1. golf / ball
2. football / goal
3. volleyball / referee
4. volleyball / golf

What is the prototype of the superordinate "flower"? a ....

He drank the whole bottle

Hyponomy

antonym

synonym

homonym

 go see the vet

He is a Nam vet

couch

sofa

bank

metonomy

superordinate

buy

sell

boiling a kettle

Next slides: Morphology

 

• Morphology: zooming in on word parts. (chpt 6)

Morphemes

Two categories

Free

Bound

Lexical

Functional

Inflectional

Derivational

Follow-up question:

Can you give an example for each category? 

In which of the following words is "im" NOT a derivational morpheme?

1. impossible
2. image
3. impose
4. imperceptible

Lexical

Functional

Inflectional

Deriva-

tional

shock

shocked

distasteful

shocks

teacher

teacher's

Their

for

effect

how

stronger

Next slides

 

• Language families and development of Eng language (chpt 17)

Not included in these questions: Comparative reconstruction is not included. Sound changes come up very minimally.

English, Dutch, Hindi, Russian and Persian. This is merely a small selection of languages part of the ____ - European family tree

What term do linguists use for words from different languages that are similar in form and meaning?
Words like: koe, Kuh, cow are called ....

1

2

3

4

5

Basic words like cow, house, etc

Germanic tribes

Viking words added

Prestige language spoken in 'higher circles'

Internal and external changes

Some Latin words introduced by Christianity

Sound changes

Semantic changes

Girl originally meant a person of any gender, but now means a female person.

What do we call this process?

1. broadening of meaning
2. syntactic changes
3. methathesis
4. narrowing of meaning

Next slides: Pragmatics

 

• How de we make sense of ambiguity? (chpt 10)
  

Person deixis

Spatial deixis

Temporal deixis

I

am

sorry

that

he

was

not

here

yesterday

Did

you

meet

them

there

this morning?

"Whether you say my car is a wreck or my car is not a wreck, there is an underlying p...........n namely, that I have a car.

"I am deeply sorry to disturb you, because I know you're terribly busy, but ..."

This is an extreme example of:

1. a face-saving act that emphasizes negative face
2. a face-threatening act that emphasizes positive face
3. a face-threatening act that emphasizes negative face
4. a face-saving act that emphasizes positive face

You are hungry and would like to eat something. Which of the following is/are indirect speech acts

1. I am hungry.
2. Are you going to finish that?
3. Are you having anything to eat?
4. Give me a sandwich!

Next slides: Discourse Analysis

 

• How can we make sense of conversation? (chpt 11)

Not included in these questions: coherence and cohesion, implicatures and Background knowledge (schema & script)

Long-winded speakers or people "holding the floor", don't signal a completion point. This way they won't have to take part in conventional ....

Q1: Have you seen my sneakers?

Q3: Green? Which ones do you mean?

A2: Yes, the green ones with the yellow stripes!

With the yellow stripes

They are in the bedroom

Q2:

A3:

Do you mean those green ones?

A1:

Which of the following principles / maxims is broken?

1. quantity
2. quality
3. relation
4. manner

Which of the answers is a hedge that can be used by speakers concerned about following the maxim of quality?

1. as far as I know ...
2. by the way, ...
3. to cut a long story short,
4. so, anyway ...

End of test yourself

 

Make sure to revisit chapters that you didn't do so well on.

May you succeed in your actual exams and whatever you do thereafter.

- The STULAN team -