5.5 the Reformation -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

5. The Time of Discoverers and Reformers

5.5.  the Reformation

people in this lesson

Martin Luther

Frederik of Saxony

emperor Charles V

John Calvin

Desiderius Erasmus

Lesson 5.5: The Reformation

Renaissance:

• new knowledge (from Antiquity)
• critical thinking
• printing press (spread ideas & knowledge)

• Discoveries

• Reformation

Reformation:

• A protest movement against faults in the Catholic Church in the 16th century.
• The leaders were called Reformers.
• They criticised the Catholic Church and wanted to change or reform the church.
• Their followers are called Protestants.
• The most famous reformers were:
• Martin Luther (Germany)
• John Calvin (France)

LUTHER

CALVIN

• Why did the Church need to be reformed? What was wrong with it?

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 5
• worshipping of relics
• What?
• Relics are remains of holy people (saints).

• Why?
• To pray at a relic means that you spend less time in purgatory.

• Of course you have to pay money to the church to see a relic.
• 
  

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 4
• Bible is only in Latin

• Why?
• So people need the Church to explain the word of God.

• Ordinary people could not read the Bible for themselves.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 3
• the Church is too rich

• Why is that a problem?
• Jesus himself was poor.
• Clerics are more concerned with wealth than serving God.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 2
• images of saints

• Why a problem?
• these statues only divert people from the true faith.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

Number

• the selling of indulgences

• what: written documents (signed by the pope) stating that the owner's sins are forgiven.
• So, the church started selling forgiveness.

Secular + spiritual power:

• Secular;
• The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by Emperor Charles V

• The Empire consisted of central Europe (including the Netherlands),parts of Italy, Spain and the Spanish colonies in America.

• Spiritual:
  
• pope Leo X was the leader of catholic Church

Charles V

Why the name "HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE"?

• HOLY: because it was Catholic. 
• ROMAN: because Charles was as powerful as a Roman emperor
• EMPIRE: well, because it was an empire

Effects of Luther's actions:

• Catholic Church

• Protestant Church

1517

95

theses

• Only 1 Christian Church:  the Catholic Church

The spread of Protestantism:

• Charles V could not prevent protestantism to spread across his empire:

• Luther had many followers (Lutherans)  in Northern Germany
  
• Calvin had many followers (Calvinists)  in the Netherlands 
  

The INQUISITION

• Charles V saw protestants as heretics (ketters) who needed to be stopped.

• To do this Charles V gave more power to the inquisition:
• = a special department of the Catholic Church that dealt with herecy.
  

The INQUISITION

• HOW?

• To punish a heretic the inquisitors did not need PROOF, but a CONFESSION. And they used TORTURE to get this confession.

• After the prisoner had confessed he could be publically punished, which often meant being burned alive.