6MT - grammar - conditionals, word order, numbers and gerunds

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Today: Grammar

1 - Conditionals
2- Word order

3 - Gerunds vs to-infinitive

4 - Numbers

Don't forget - next week

Revision: grammar semester 1

Revision: passive & reported speech

Revision: phrasal verbs - part 3

New: conditionals, word order, gerunds vs to-inf and numbers

1 - Conditionals - remember

Usually two parts: a conditional clause (if), a main clause (then)

1.  zero conditional - 100% sure 
2. type 1 - quite likely
3. type 2 - rather unlikely
4. type 3 - imagining how something could have been different

Don't forget, no would or will in the conditional clause (if) 

01
What phrase correctly completes the sentence?
> You would have improved your English,

1. If you would have gone to London
2. If you would go to London
3. If you went to London
4. If you had gone to London

01 - type 3 conditional

You would have improved (...),            would + have + -ed form

If you had gone to London                    if + past perfect

02
What phrase correctly completes the sentence?
> You would go to Australia,

1. If you would have the money
2. If you had had the money
3. If you had the money
4. If you would have had the money

02 - type 2 conditional

You would go to Australia,                                would + infinitive 

If you had the money                                          if + past simple

03
What phrase correctly completes the sentence?
> If she gets the job

1. She will have to get up early
2. She would have to get up early
3. She had to get up early
4. She will have had to get up early

03 - type 1 conditional

If she gets the job                                            if + present simple

She will have to get up early,                      will + infinitive

04 Fill in the correct tense: You would have succeeded, if you _?_ (to listen) to me.

04 - type 3 conditional

You would have succeeded,                 would + have + -ed form

If you had listened to me                        if + past perfect

05 Fill in the correct tense: If they ask us, we _?_ (to help) them out.

05 - type 1 conditional

If they ask us                                                          if + present simple

We will help them out                                        will + infinitive 

2- Word order - remember (1)

• Multiple adjectives with one noun have a preferred order
  >> red big ball >> big red ball
• Questions use auxiliary 'to do' and have inversion
  >> We buy here >> do we buy here?
• If multiple adverbs at the end of a sentence, preferred order is manner - place - time
  >> he goes now there slowly >> he slowly goes there now

2 - Word order - remember (2)

• Watch position of adverbs, diff. types prefer diff. positions
• >> e.g. adverbs of frequency (often, never...) in mid position
• mid position is between the subject and the main verb
  If more than one verb, after first modal or auxiliary
  >> e.g. he never should go > he should never go

06
Where do you position the adverb 'usually'
>> He would go

1. Usually, he would go
2. He usually would go
3. He would usually go
4. He would go usually

06 - word order (adverbs)

>> He would usually go

usually = adverb of frequency = preferred mid position

Mid position is between subject (he) and verb (go)

More than one verb so after first auxiliary (would)

07
Which is the most neutral order?

1. Quickly, he goes on Monday to the store
2. He goes on Monday to the store quickly
3. He quickly goes on Monday to the store
4. He goes quickly to the store on Monday

07 - word order (adverbs)

If multiple adverbs at the end of a sentence, preferred order is manner - place - time

>> He goes quickly (manner) to the store (place) on Monday (time)

3 - Gerund & to-inf - remember

Verbs can function as subject or object in a sentence

When they do, they take either of two forms

• gerund                              e.g. 'playing is fun' (subject)
• to-infinitive                     e.g. 'James loves to play' (object)

But when to use which??

In most cases, it depends on the verb (see list in grammar doc)

8
He agreed ____ (begin) his work.

9
He feared ____ (ask) her.

10
He suggested ____ (buy) the piano.

11
I hesitate ____ (buy) the house.

12
We definitely recommend ___ (go).

4 - Numbers - remember (1)

Cardinal numbers = hoofdtelwoorden, e.g. one, two, three

Ordinal numbers = rangtelwoorden, e.g. first, second, third

> watch out for (spelling of) certain ordinal numbers

• 8th = eighth
• 22nd = twenty-second
• 31st = thirty-first

4 - Numbers - remember (2)

Big numbers are different in English than Dutch

• 1 miljard = one billion
• 1 biljoen = one trillion

Don't forget how to read fractions (breuken)

The cardinal number for the numerator and the ordinal number for the denominator, making the ordinal number plural if the numerator is larger than 1. Exception (!) 1/2 = one half

13
één biljard is what in English?
1.000.000.000.000

14
Write out the following number: 43rd

15
Write out the following number: 80th

16
Write out the following fraction: 5/6

5 - recap previous semester

The test next week contains a few questions based on the basic grammar of the previous semester

See if you can still answer the following questions

17
Write the first person plural past perfect continuous of to go

17
Write the second person singular present perfect of to swim

18
What is the plural of 'deer' (hert)

19
What is the plural of 'belief'
(een overtuiging, een geloof)

20
Fill in the possessive pronoun
That bike is ______ (van haar)

21
There are _________________ (minder) students at the party than expected.

22
That is the ________________________ (dry) landscape I've ever seen.