02/05/2025 IXL finish, Math, photography, history

• Citizenship
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• BTEC

02/05/2025 IXL finish, Math, Photography, History

Final part: IXL

We need to finish IXL today so i can begin putting together a curriculum designed specifically to benefit your learning. 

Reflections 

• Reflection gives you a wide range of opportunities and techniques to produce ideas to work with and experiment with.

• Reflection can be interpreted in lots of different ways, for example, reflection on water/shiny objects, or a reflection could be how people see things/themselves or different angles and different perspectives reflecting within each other.

•  Can you think of any ideas to show a different side to reflection, not just the basic and stereotypical thought towards reflection, e.g water reflections and mirrors? 

Mind Map! 

Mood Board

Use my laptop to create a mood board based on reflections and your ideas. This will show your initial inspiration and likes and help formulate your plan and execution of your final portfolio.

Leave space in your sketchbook to glue this in 

Brain Break 

Come back at 10 past 2...

History

The Suffragette Movement

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zh6nsk7#zspyvwx

By the start of the 20th century there were two main elements in the campaign for votes for women, the suffragists and the suffragettes. 

The dividing line between these two strands was about tactics.

On the one hand, the suffragists wanted to act within the law and follow the route of political persuasion to win support for their cause. It was felt that any actions that broke the law would allow their opponents to portray them as irresponsible and provide further excuses to deny women the vote.

On the other hand, there were those who were frustrated by the lack of progress and non-confrontational approach of the suffragists. Some felt that it was time to pursue a course of civil disobedience and direct action, even if that meant breaking the law. They felt that if they caused enough problems for the authorities, then the government would be forced to address the issue.

• By the start of the 20th century, there were two main elements in the campaign for votes for women: the suffragists and the suffragettes. 

• The dividing line between these two strands was about tactics.

• On the one hand, the suffragists wanted to act within the law and follow the route of political persuasion to win support for their cause. It was felt that any actions that broke the law would allow their opponents to portray them as irresponsible and provide further excuses to deny women the vote

• On the other hand, some were frustrated by the lack of progress and non-confrontational approach of the suffragists. Some felt that it was time to pursue a course of civil disobedience and direct action, even if that meant breaking the law. They felt that if they caused enough problems for the authorities, then the government would be forced to address the issue.

Suffragist or Suffragette?

The Suffragists

The suffragists were led by Millicent Fawcett, head of the National Union for Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). It was founded in 1897 but merged with other organisations that dated back to the 1860s. Its aim was to win women’s suffrage through considered debate and campaigning, such as petitions and non-violent marches.

From 1897 to 1919, Millicent Fawcett led Britain's largest women's rights association, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS)

Suffragist's main beliefs

Constitutional and Peaceful Means: Suffragists favoured working within the existing political system to achieve their goals, rather than resorting to violence or illegal actions.

Lobbying and Persuasion: They actively lobbied Members of Parliament to raise the issue of women's suffrage and secure their support for relevant legislation.

Political Education: Suffragists recognised the importance of educating women about politics and the electoral process, empowering them to participate effectively in the political system.

Demonstrating Readiness: They aimed to show that women were capable of responsible citizenship and political participation, often through political activism and education.

Focus on Middle-Class, Property-Owning Women: Some suffragist groups, like the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, focused on securing the vote for middle-class, property-owning women.

The Suffragettes and the Pankhurst family

In 1903, the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) was formed when Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters became disappointed with the lack of progress by the NUWSS.

These campaigners were labelled ‘suffragettes’ by the press. It was meant as an insult but the name stuck and was used by the members of the WSPU themselves.

The Pankhurst family, originally from Manchester, led this new struggle of militant suffragettes. Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabel Pankhurst were at the forefront of the WSPU’s campaigns and were arrested many times.

The militant tactics employed by the suffragettes shocked society. A large number of the suffragettes were middle-class women from respectable and well-connected families. In the very traditional atmosphere of the early twentieth century such behaviour was considered scandalous. However, there was also a lot of support, as seen by the 1908 demonstration in London that was attended by over 300,000 activists, the largest in British history.

1. Belief in Direct Action and Civil Disobedience:

Suffragettes rejected peaceful methods like lobbying and petitioning, believing that direct action was necessary to force the government to act.

Their motto, "Deeds not words," reflected their commitment to taking action to get the vote.

They used tactics like chaining themselves to public buildings, burning down homes of MPs, and breaking shop windows to raise awareness and pressure the government.

2. Belief in Equal Rights and Opportunities:

Suffragettes fought for the right to vote for women, believing it was essential for their full participation in society.

They also believed that women should have equal opportunities in education, employment, and other areas of life.

3. Belief in Challenging the Existing Political System:

Suffragettes viewed the political system as unjust and unresponsive to women's demands.

They challenged the authority of Parliament and the government to force them to listen to their demands.

4. Belief in the Power of Publicity and Persuasion:

Suffragettes used publicity to raise awareness of their cause and gain support for their demands.

They also used persuasion, both through public speeches and through their actions, to win over public opinion.

5. Belief in the Importance of Women's Political Voice:

Suffragettes believed that women should have a political voice and that their voices should be heard in the decision-making process.

They saw the right to vote as a key step towards achieving this goal.

Suffragettes

Emmeline Pankhurst 

Millicent Fawcett

The use of direct action in order to achieve progressive change has always been debated throughout history. Many argue against direct action because of the violence it creates, and think that persuading others is a better means of achieving one’s aims.

However, those who have adopted direct action tactics, such as the WSPU, did so because decades of petitions and appeals to authority had achieved very little progress. “Deeds not words” was the WSPU’s slogan and the momentum of the movement made the participants feel that they were finally getting the government’s attention, as they were now the focus of the political world. As Emmeline Pankhurst suggested at one of her trials, “We are here, not because we are law-breakers; we are here in our efforts to become law-makers.” It also appealed to younger women as it seemed more dynamic than the steady approach of the suffragists.

The government may have listened and acknowledged the suffragists’ petitions, but it had not made changes to their legal position in society. For some in the women’s movement, direct action was seen as the only alternative to bring about change.

Militant tactics

Whether you agree with direct action or not, the suffragette’s militant tactics had a great impact on the government and society. Some of the tactics used by the WSPU were:

• smashing windows on private property and governmental buildings
  
• disrupting the postal service
  
• burning public buildings
  
• attacking Church of England buildings
  
• holding illegal demonstrations
  
• burning politicians unoccupied homes
  
• disrupting the 1911 census
  
• ruining golf courses and male-only clubs
  
• chaining themselves to buildings
  
• disrupting political meetings
  
• planting bombs
  
• handcuffing themselves to railings
  
• going on hunger strikes

Many historians still argue whether or not the militant campaigns helped to further the women’s suffrage movement or whether it harmed it.

As they disagreed with direct action, the suffragists would not cooperate with the WSPU. Instead, suffragists chose to distance themselves publicly from the strategy of the suffragettes. As one NUWSS pamphlet said, “some people think that women’s suffrage means breaking windows and spoiling other people’s property. This is a great mistake. Only a small number of women do these violent actions.”

https://www.crazygames.com/game/uno-online