Language awareness Irish and Northern Irish English TEACHER VERSION

Language awareness Irish English and Northen Irish English
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Language awareness Irish English and Northen Irish English

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Historical context of the English language in Ireland
Characteristics of Irish English and Northern Irish English
Student workbook + teacher manual
Activity

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Where it all started:
Pre 12th century: Celtic language ("Gaelic").




12th century: Anglo-Norman invasion in Ireland 
Brought Old English  to Ireland

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

+-1300: 
Norman control (=blue on the map) over large parts of Ireland.
However, the English King had little control - establishment of "the Pale", a region around Dublin for English settlers.

14th- 15th century: 
Norman control lessened
The Pale (=grey)
English Lords (=blue) in the south of Ireland and in a small part of Ulster

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

16th century: Control, land ownership and religion
Catholic Ireland was seen as a threat to Protestant England
1542 - Kingdom of Ireland (Henry VIII)
1552: Land Ownership Act - only Protestant, English men allowed to own land (exception: Connaught - green striped area on the map)
Plantations:
1585: Munster Plantation (Mary I)
1603: Ulster Plantation 

Ban on education for Catholics led to "Hedge schools" 

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

19th -20th century: 
1802: Formation of the United Kingdom (Act of Union) -Protestant control

1845-49: The Potato Famine
1 million deaths, 1 million emigrated
(population pre Famine= 8.5m)
Connaught:  Hit hardest by the Famine

1916: The Easter Rising
1922: Irish Free State (Ulster remained in the UK). 

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Linguistic effects 
-From a linguistic point of view, the 12th and 16th centuries probably had the largest impact on the English language in Ireland:
12th century: Old English was brought to Ireland (Normans)
16th century: Increased control by the English Monarchy and Plantations brought Early                    Modern English to Ireland
         -Munster plantation: settlers from the West of England.
         -Ulster plantation: settlers from Scotland.
These locations are significant, as they form the basis for the differences between dialects in Ireland (broadly speaking Ulster English, West Irish English, Dublin English/ Hiberno English).
-Hedge schools led to (grammar and pronunciation) characteristics of Irish being transferred to English

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Irish English pronunciation
  • Rhotic language- r is pronounced ("wateR" vs British "wateh")
  • Th: t / d pronunciation (thick=tick, this = dis). No th sound in Irish!
  •  "g" dropped in "ing" (walkin' / eatin' / learnin')
  • Final t often dropped
  • Melodic: Pitch variations, with a tendency to raise the pitch at the end of a sentence.

Many variations in the different regions: Every county has their own accent.
Cork: very melodic "sing-songy"
(North) West: h emphasis / addition to w and s sounds (whist, shpirit) 
Dublin: clear distinction between North (working class) and South (posh) accents.
No standard general Irish English accent.


Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Northern Irish English pronunciation

  • Stronger R pronounciation (Scottisch influence).
  • Generally more intonation variations than IE. Higher pitch rise at the end of the sentence.
  • Clipped vowel sounds, especially the "ow" (cow, brown, flower..). Vowels can be shortened to the extent that multiple syllable words become 1 syllable words

Similar to Irish English: accent variations between the counties (and also between the Catholic and Protestant population). 

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Grammar characteristics of Irish English 
  • 2nd person singular: ya (I'll see ya tonight will I?)
  • 2nd person plural: ye / youse / yeez (Are yeez all going to the party?)
  • Use of "after" to indicate past tense (He's after smashing the windows)
  • Use of object +past participle to indicate that something has happened (She has the soup made (=she has finished making the soup))
  •  It's + object construction to place emphasise on the object (It's to Dublin he went today / It's at the shops I seen her)
  •  seen / done instead of saw / did (I done that yesterday!)
  • Continuous tense instead of a simple tense (I'm wanting some new cloths).
  • (do +) be+ verb+ing to indicate habitual aspects (She does be worrying about the children all the time / He be going to work by car every day)


Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Grammar characteristics of Irish English
be to + bare infinitive: obligation / intention (he is to go to the doctor)
be after + gerund: something has just happened (he is after seeing the doctor five minutes ago)

Many of these grammar characteristics originate from Irish grammar.
Most of these constructions are used in spoken language. 
Written Irish English tends to use standard English grammar (unless it intends to highlight the Irishness of the text). 

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Identify the different accents

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Irish English words

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Dublin accent: Trailer The Commitments

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Northern Irish accent: Joanna Lumley interviews Derry Girl

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Northern Irish words

Slide 16 - Tekstslide