2.3 The rise of Hitler (the 20's)

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 3

9. The Time of World Wars

2.3 The Rise Hitler 

What you will learn in 

this lesson

1. What the stab-in-the-back-myth included.
2. What SA stands for.
3. How Hitler became Reichskanzler
   
4. How the Great Depression affected the rise of Hitler
   
5. What happened during the Night of the Long Knives
6. How Hitler dealt with the German youth
   
7. How Hitler dealt with his opponents
   

people in this lesson

Benito Mussolini

Adolf Hitler

Hitler as a kid

Hitler turned out to be a good speaker.

He practised his expressions and gestures in front of a mirror.

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

After the first general elections for the Reichstag in a democratic Germany, the largest party became: the Social Democrats (SDP, = like our PvdA), followed by the Liberals (= like our VVD) and the Catholics (= like our CDA).

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

These parties all embrace freedom and democracy. That is why we say that they belong to the political center.

• There were also political parties that hated democracy, for example:

• communists (who wanted a country like the Soviet Union)
• nationalists (who wanted Germany to be a strong empire again)

• These undemocratic groups we call extremists.

Spartakists

Freikorps

The Stab-in-the-back Myth

Hitler also believed 

that communists and especially the Jews

were part of this plot against Germany and its army.

Hitler in politics

In 1919 Hitler joined a nationalistic party, the Deutsche Arbeiter Partei (DAP)

Hitler in politics

The DAP was

- anti democratic

- anti communist

- anti-semitic (= anti-Jewish)

In 1920 Hitler became the leader of the DAP. He changed the name into N.S.D.A.P. He also used the swastika as the party's new symbol

NSDAP: National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei.

Or in short: the Nazi Party

Members were called "nazis"

1923: the Nazis try to seize power in Munich by force.

This is called a Putsch or Coup (staatsgreep)

Why a Putsch in 1923 ?

• In 1922, Mussolini successfully seized power in Italy. Hitler was inspired by this.

• In 1923, Germany suffered from a hyper inflation, causing millions of Germans to lose all their money. 

    Hitler believed that the                German people were now            so desperate that they                  would support him

Germany was forced to pay 132 billion goldmarks to the Allies

Causes and effects of the Hyperinflation of 1923

When Germany could not pay, the French occupied the Ruhr area to take resources as payment.

German miners went on strike. 

The Weimar government promised to pay their wages.

To keep paying the wages the government printed extra money.

Result: the value of the money decreased, causing inflation

In months the inflation spiralled out of control: hyper-inflation.

Money was worthless. People lost all their savings.

The Munich Putsch fails and Hitler is arrested. He is sentenced to 9 months imprisonment.

In prison, Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf (my struggle) in which he outlines his political ideas.

What you will learn in 

this lesson

1. What the stab-in-the-back-myth included.
2. What SA stands for.
3. How Hitler became Reichskanzler
   
4. How the Great Depression affected the rise of Hitler
   
5. What happened during the Night of the Long Knives
6. How Hitler dealt with the German youth
   
7. How Hitler dealt with his opponents
   

Name 3 of the 6 goals Hitler described in Mein Kampf

In short, his ideas and plans are:

1. reverse the Treaty of Versailles
2. rebuild Germany's armed forces
3. unite Germany and Austria
4. extend German territory into eastern Europe (Lebensraum)
5. destroy communism
6. the Germanic race (aryan race)  is superior (= the Master Race)

One arrow is actually missing.

And it benefits the USA.

???

WAR reparations

WAR debts payments

LOANS

Name a consequence of the success of the Dawes plan?

Results Plan Dawes:

• German economy recovered from 1924 till 1929.

• Extremist parties lost in popularity.

• Until 1929 the Nazis remained a small party.

Put the events in the correct chronological order

Munich Putsch

Start hyper inflation

Germany becomes a Republic

Treaty of Versailles

Hitler writes Mein Kampf

Mussolini's March on Rome

French occupy the Ruhr

the Reichstag:           the German parliament

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

After WW1 Germany became 

• a republic (instead of an absolute monarchy)
• and a parliamentary democracy.

• In a democracy power is in the hands of the people.
• Because there are too many people in a country to be involved in politics every day, the people elect representatives to make decisions for them (=indirect democracy).
• These representatives come together in a parliament.
• thus, parliament is "the people's representatives".

Who makes decisions on behalf of the people in a democracy?

1. Monarchs
2. Judges
3. Representatives
4. Citizens

Where do the representatives come together in a democracy?

1. Palace
2. White House
3. Courthouse
4. Parliament

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

• Every modern democracy uses a parliament.
• Parliament is the legislative power (in the Trias Politica system).
• This means that parliament makes the laws.

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

• Members of parliament are elected in the general elections (every 4 years)
• Usually they belong to a political party
• If elected, they get a seat in parliament
• the party with the most seats has the best chance to get its laws passed.

The Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933)

• the name of a parliament or the number of members differs per country:

• NL: Staten-Generaal: Tweede Kamer (150 seats)
• UK: Parliament: House of Commons (650 seats)
• USA: Congress: House of Representatives (435 seats)
• Germany: Bundestag (before 1945: Reichstag) (598 seats)

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

• In some countries there is an additional "chamber" that serves as an extra check before a law is passed.

• NL: Staten-Generaal: Tweede Kamer + Eerste Kamer (senaat) 
• UK: Parliament: House of Commons + House of Lords
• USA: Congress: House of Representatives + Senate

Tweede Kamer, Den Haag

House of Commons, London

House of Representatives, Washington

Bundestag, Berlin

Reichstag, Berlin, 1922

Reichstag, Berlin, 1939

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

After the first general elections for the Reichstag in a democratic Germany, the largest party became: the Social Democrats (SDP, = like our PvdA), followed by the Liberals (= like our VVD) and the Catholics (= like our CDA).

The Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)

These parties all embrace freedom and democracy. That is why we say that they belong to the political center.

• There were also political parties that hated democracy, for example:

• communists (who wanted a country like the Soviet Union)
• nationalists (who wanted Germany to be a strong empire again)

• These undemocratic groups we call extremists.

Spartakists

Freikorps

When Germany could not pay, the French occupied the Ruhr area to take resources as payment.

Film

Er Ist Wieder Da (2015)

Er Ist Wieder Da

The unthinkable has happened. Seventy years after his alleged death, Adolf Hitler wakes up in a Berlin housing estate. He is mistaken for a komendiant and embarks on a television career. However, little has changed about his ideology.

www.npostart.nl

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