Adaptive immunity

BIO2


ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
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In deze les zitten 29 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 1 video.

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BIO2


ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is


timer
10:00

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Keywords

Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Antigen
Foreign
T-Lymphocyte
B-Lymphocyte
Antibody
Memory cell


Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Antigens

  • small parts coming from a pathogen
  • presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
  • foreign vs self
  • dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly



Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Look at the image:
Two cells are visible. Cell A and Cell B

If you study the image well you can determine which of these cells is the dendritic cell.

Which cell is the dendritic cell?
A
cell A
B
cell B

Slide 5 - Quizvraag

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Macrophage
B-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil

Slide 6 - Sleepvraag

Which of the numbered or lettered parts indicated in the image is the antigen?
A
part E
B
part F
C
part 4
D
part D

Slide 7 - Quizvraag

Recall from the video

Who is cell A?

To what type of cell does the dendritic cell present the antigens it found?
A
macrophages
B
neutrophils
C
B-lymphocytes
D
T-lymphocytes

Slide 8 - Quizvraag

Recall from the video

WHERE in the body does this antigen presentation takes place?
A
In the infected tissue
B
in the lymph node
C
in the blood vessels
D
in your pinky toe

Slide 9 - Quizvraag

Foreign vs Self

Foreign antigens
antigens that do not originate in the body themselves

Self antigens
antigens that originate in the body themselves

The adaptive immune system can distinguish between foreign and self antigens

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Recall from previous lesson/video

How is the adaptive immune system also called?


A
specific immune system
B
aspecific immune system
C
innate immune system
D
barrier system

Slide 11 - Quizvraag

Antigen specificity

T- and B-lymphocytes have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.

You continuously create new lymphocytes to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.

Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active


Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Antigen specificity

You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.


Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Explain WHY the adaptive immune system must be able to distinguish between foreign and self antigens.

Slide 14 - Open vraag

From 'naive' to 'active'

a non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called naive. 
Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active


naive T-lymphocyte
antigen recognition
active T-lymphocyte

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Recall from the video

What is the first thing that happens after T-cell* activation?


* T-lymphocyte = T-cell


A
making worn-down macrophages active again
B
activating B-cells
C
dividing
D
having a glass of beer

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

T-lymphocytes get to work

division
active T-lymphocyte
1. worn-down macrophages get reactivated
2. reactivated macrophages goes into overdrive and start to kill
1. T-cells activate specific B-cell
2. activated B-cells start to produce antibodies

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

B-cell

Activated T-cells look for the antigen-specific B-cell.
They activate this B-cell


naive B-cell
also antigen specific
active T-cell activates B-cell
by means of antigen recognition
active B-cell produce lots and lots of antibodies

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

Antibodies

  • proteins produced by activated B cells
  • Y-shaped
  • antigen-specific
  • neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction




Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Fill the gaps in the text:

__1__ are present on the surface of pathogens. As a response from B cells __2__ are produced to neutralise the __3__


A
1 = antibodies 2 = antigens 3 = pathogens
B
1 = antigens 2 = pathogens 3 = antibodies
C
1 = pathogens 2 = antigens 3 = antibodies
D
1 = antigens 2 = antibodies 3 = antigens

Slide 20 - Quizvraag

Explain HOW activated T-cells, activated B-cells, antibodies and macrophages now work together to clear up the infection quickly

Be sure to include the role of ALL three cells and the role of antibodies.
Give an elaborate answer.

Slide 21 - Open vraag

Memory cells and immunity

  • a small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
  • They turn into memory cells
  • Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
  • Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen




+
memory T-cells
memory B-cells
immunity

Slide 22 - Tekstslide

Explain in your own words what immunity is.

Slide 23 - Open vraag

A COVID quick test is an example of an antigen test.

This test proves the presence of ... ?


A
the virus
B
macrophages
C
antibodies
D
an active adaptive immune system

Slide 24 - Quizvraag

Well done!

You now understand how the adaptive immune system works.

To summarise...

Watch the same video again on the next slide. 

Wanna bet that you understand it way better now?


Slide 25 - Tekstslide

The mantoux test is a test in which a small amount of M. tuberculosis antigen is introduced.

If the body has encountered this antigen before, the body quickly response with a big red stain.
Why does this stain appear?


A
because of the presence of the bacterium
B
because of the activation of B-cells producing antibodies
C
because of memory B-cells producing extreme amounts of antigens
D
because the nurse got bored and used red paint to kill the time

Slide 26 - Quizvraag

Slide 27 - Video

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is


timer
10:00

Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Homework

  • Complete this lessonup
  • Finish all the assignments of 9.4

Completely done?
  • Start your mindmap/conceptmap of chapter 9
  • Complete summarize and test yourself online

Slide 29 - Tekstslide