Y3-Thavo3-Lesson 12 GKR

Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12
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Slide 1: Tekstslide
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In deze les zitten 38 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 2 videos.

time-iconLesduur is: 45 min

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Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

This lesson
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Progress Pathogen project

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

PATHOGENS PROJECT
  • How are you doing?
  • Any questions so far?

Do not forget:
  • Start writing your final report
  • Submission date: October 25th 

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Antigen
  • Foreign
  • T-Lymphocyte
  • B-Lymphocyte
  • Antibody
  • Memory cell

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Innate immunesystem

Innate immunesystem:
Parts of the immune system that are present from birth

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

Adaptive immunesystem

Adaptive immunesystem:
Parts and processes of the immune system that are changing based on previous experiences

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Lines of defence

Immune system counters attacks from pathogens in three lines of defense:

  1. Barriers: keeping the pathogens out
  2. Phagocytes: attacking and wiping out invaded pathogens 
  3. Lymphocytes: learning from phagocytes how to specifically and effectively kill a certain type of pathogen

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Lines of defence

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Line 1: Barriers


Keeping pathogens out






Mechanical: Physical blockages preventing pathogens from entering the body
Chemical: Attacking pathogens by means of antimicrobial molecules
  • skin
  • mucosal membranes
  • stomach acid
  • antibacterial proteins

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Line 2: Phagocytes


Phagocytes are able to perform phagocytosis and to present parts of the pathogen to the adaptive immune system




Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Overview of line 2

Line 1 fails: pathogens invade the body
Surviving tissue cells call for help
Macrophages start to devour pathogens and send out signs
Neutrophils arrive and join the battle. They massively kill off the pathogens and themselves
Proteins of the complement system start to kill pathogens by perforating them
Dendritic cells display parts of the pathogens on their membranes and travel to the lymph nodes
Activation of defence line 3: the adaptive immune system - the lymphocytes

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Lymphatic system
Sewage system of the body
  • Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and thymus
  • drained tissue fluid is sent to lymph nodes for screening
  • here the dendritic cell presents its pathogen parts (antigens)

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Barriers
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

Slide 14 - Sleepvraag

As part of innate immunity, the human body utilises mechanical and chemical immunity.
Which of the following is an example of chemical immunity?
A
Skin
B
Fluid flow in the urinary tracht
C
Stomach acid
D
Mucosal layer in the vagina

Slide 15 - Quizvraag

What is the main 'ingredient' of pus?
A
pathogens
B
macrophages
C
neutrophils
D
B-cells

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

Slide 17 - Video

Antigens


  • Small parts coming from a pathogen
  • Presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
  • Foreign vs self
  • Dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly



Slide 18 - Tekstslide

Foreign vs Self


Foreign antigens
antigens that do not originate in the body themselves

Self antigens
antigens that originate in the body themselves

The adaptive immune system can distinguish between foreign and self antigens


Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Antigen specificity


T- and B-lymphocytes have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.

You continuously create new T- and B-lymphocytes to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.

Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Antigen specificity


You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

From 'naive' to 'active'


A non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called naive
Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active

antigen recognition
naive T-lymphocyte
active T-lymphocyte

Slide 22 - Tekstslide

T-lymphocytes get to work


Active T-lymphocyte
Division
Reactivating macrophages: start to kill pathogens

Activate specific B-cell: start to produce antibodies

Slide 23 - Tekstslide

B-cell


Activated T-cells activate B-cells -> production of antibodies
Naive B-cell

Active T-cell activates B-cell

Active B-cell produce  antibodies

Slide 24 - Tekstslide

Antibodies


  • proteins produced by activated B cells
  • Y-shaped
  • antigen-specific
  • neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction

Slide 25 - Tekstslide

Memory cells and immunity


  • A small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
  • They turn into memory cells
  • Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
  • Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen
+
memory T-cells
memory B-cells
immunity

Slide 26 - Tekstslide

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Macrophage
B-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil

Slide 27 - Sleepvraag

Recall from the video

WHERE in the body does this antigen presentation takes place?
A
In the infected tissue
B
in the lymph node
C
in the blood vessels
D
in your pinky toe

Slide 28 - Quizvraag

Recall from previous lesson/video

How is the adaptive immune system also called?


A
specific immune system
B
aspecific immune system
C
innate immune system
D
barrier system

Slide 29 - Quizvraag

Recall from the video:

What is the first thing that happens after T-cell* activation?

* T-lymphocyte = T-cell


A
making worn-down macrophages active again
B
activating B-cells
C
dividing
D
having a glass of beer

Slide 30 - Quizvraag

Fill the gaps in the text:

__1__ are present on the surface of pathogens. As a response from B cells __2__ are produced to neutralise the __3__


A
1 = antibodies 2 = antigens 3 = pathogens
B
1 = antigens 2 = pathogens 3 = antibodies
C
1 = pathogens 2 = antigens 3 = antibodies
D
1 = antigens 2 = antibodies 3 = antigens

Slide 31 - Quizvraag

A COVID quick test is an example of an antigen test.

This test proves the presence of ... ?


A
the virus
B
macrophages
C
antibodies
D
an active adaptive immune system

Slide 32 - Quizvraag

Well done!

You now understand how the adaptive immune system works.

To summarise: watch the same video again on the next slide and you will see you know understand the immune system a lot better !



Slide 33 - Tekstslide

Slide 34 - Video

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is

Slide 35 - Tekstslide

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Antigen
  • Foreign
  • T-Lymphocyte
  • B-Lymphocyte
  • Antibody
  • Memory cell

Slide 36 - Tekstslide

A concept map

A concept map adds descriptions to links between two terms

Slide 37 - Tekstslide

Homework

  • Complete this LessonUp
  • Read pages 147-148 in the book (use the pdf on the classroom)
  • Complete the Assignments on lesson 5 on the classroom

Slide 38 - Tekstslide