Unit 3 Modal verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Must + infinitive

must + infinitive: moeten, personal necessity (persoonlijke noodzaak)

Ex: We must go to the concert, it is supposed to be amazing!

Ex.: I must go to grandma this afternoon.

must + infinitive: moeten, het kan niet anders.

Ex.: You must be Jack.

Ex.: They must be tired after such a long day.

Mustn´t + infinitive

mustn't + infinitive: niet mogen/moeten

Ex. I mustn't be home late. 

Ex.: We mustn´t eat the entire cake. 

Ex.: You mustn´t drive so fast, you´ll get a fine if you are not careful. 

Have to + infinitive

have to+ infinitive: obligations (verplichtingen van buitenaf opgelegd). Think about university, school, work, your parents, the government, the law.

Ex.: You have to pass the test to be considered for that university.

Ex.: You have to clean up your room if you want to get pocket money!

don´t/doesn´t have to + infinitive

don't/doesn't have to+ infinitive: niet hoeven (no obligations, geen verplichtingen).

Ex. You don't have to cook if you do not want to.

Ex.: She doesn´t have to go to bed early: it´s Saturday!

Ex.: I don´t have to go to the supermarket ; my mum has already been there.

Must and have to: summary

Have to and must both mean 'moeten' in Dutch 

The context in which you use them is different!

Must: personal necessities

Have to: obligation (when someone else tells you what to do: school, the law, the government, your parents, your job etc.)

Note: the difference between must and have to is slowly disappearing in modern day English.

Note!

The negatives of must (mustn´t) and have to (don´t/doesn´t have to) mean something different.

mustn´t: niet moeten/mogen

don´t/doesn´t have to: niet hoeven

Should + infinitive

should+ infinitive: zou eigenlijk moeten (advise or a suggestion)

Ex.: You should brush your teeth twice a day.

Ex.: They should help their eldery neighbour more often.

Ex. I should buy less clothes, but I simply can´t resist the sale.

Shouldn´t + infinitive

shouldn't + infinitive: zou eigenlijk niet moeten.

Ex.: He shouldn't eat so many chocolates.

Ex.: We shouldn't have been so rude to her.

Ex.: She shouldn´t buy so much food, it is not healthy.

Could + infinitive

could + infinitive: kon/mocht, polite question, preposition (voorstel)

Ex.: Could I have a medium steak, please?

Ex.: We could go to the museum if you like.

Ex.: I could never come with them when I was little.

Ex.: Picasso could make wonderful art.

Couldn´t + infinitive

couldn´t + infinitive: kon niet, mocht niet, polite question.

Ex.: Couldn´t you turn the noise down?

Ex.: I couldn´t do it, I was too scared.

Ex.: I couldn´t come. My parents wouldn´t allow it.

Would + infinitive

would + infinitive: zou, polite question

Ex.: I would never go there on my own.

Ex.: Would you mind moving over? I would like to sit there.

Wouldn´t + infinitive

wouldn´t + infinitive: zou niet.

Ex.: I wouldn´t do that if I were you.

Ex: My dad wouldn´t like a book for his birthday.

Ex.: You would not betray me, would you?

...you help me, please?

1. Would
2. could
3. must
4. have to

You...be 18 to drive a car.

1. have to
2. must
3. should
4. mustn't

Lisa, tell your brother he...be in bed at 8 PM.

1. has to
2. must
3. should
4. mustn't

They...leave him alone, he has done nothing wrong. (advise)

1. have to
2. must
3. don't have to
4. should

She...do anything to get a date with Derek.

1. have to
2. must
3. would
4. could

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