The American Revolution

The American Revolution

1. Colonists' grievances and British taxes.
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The American Revolution

1. Colonists' grievances and British taxes.

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

What you will learn in 
this lesson
  • what the American colonists' grievances were towards Britain
  • how the colonists were influenced by Enlightenment ideas 
  • what patriots and loyalists were
  • which events would lead to the start of the American Revolution

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

This lesson is about the "birth" of the United States of America.
Watch the short animation in the next slide...

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Slide 5 - Link

Before there was a USA , there were only 13 colonies.
To which country did they belong?
A
The Dutch Republic
B
England
C
France
D
America

Slide 6 - Quizvraag

Who do we mean when we speak of
the "American Colonists"?
A
People who lived in the British colonies in America
B
American people who lived in England
C
Americans who lived in the East Indies
D
Native Americans, or Indians

Slide 7 - Quizvraag

What do you think Americans today celebrate on Independence Day?
A
The 13 colonies became 13 independent states
B
The 13 colonies became independent from Britain
C
The 13 colonies were given more rights by Britain
D
Britain became independent from the 13 colonies

Slide 8 - Quizvraag

Introduction
The 13 British colonies in America, set up at different times, had different laws, governments, even money.
They had regular disputes with each other, especially over borders. Yet, in 1775, they united to demand independence from Britain. Why? 

In the next slides you can read about
5 reasons why the American colonists wanted independence.

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

1 Enlightenment ideas

Enlightenment ideas meant that, while not all colonists wanted independence, they did want a say in how they were governed

The thinker John Locke wrote about a 'social contract' between governments and the people. Locke said people had a duty to overthrow unfair rulers. 


Slide 10 - Tekstslide

2 The Seven Years War

The Seven Years War (1756-63) in Europe quickly spread to the colonies. American colonists fought
for Britain against France in Canada (where both countries had colonies and wanted to take more).
After the war was won, the American colonists who
had fought for Britain hoped their loyalty would
be rewarded with more rights. Instead the British, without consulting the colonists, set new state
boundaries and agreed with France a 'Proclamation
line' that the states should not extend west beyond.
Other new British laws seemed to show distrust of
the colonists. 

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

3. British troops
British troops were stationed in the colonies, supposedly to protect them against invasion. The colonists had to pay their living expenses. 
British governors used them to police the colonists. 

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

4. Mercantilism
The British restricted free trade. 
Colonists could only trade with
Britain, using British ships. They had to pay duty on goods traded with each other. 

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

5. British Laws
Laws made in Britain applied to the colonies, but the colonists had no say in making these laws. 
Each colony had its own government, but had to obey a British governor. In the 1760s, Britain passed several laws that caused economic problems in the colonies. 

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

To which of the previous 5 grievances can you link this colonist slogan?
A
Enlightenment ideas
B
The Seven Years Wars
C
Mercantilism
D
British Laws

Slide 15 - Quizvraag

Explain your choice of the previous question.

Slide 16 - Open vraag

explain the slogan "No Taxation without Representation"
The colonists needed to obey British law and pay taxes to Britain. But they had no say in how the colonies were ruled. They were not represented in British parliament.
They were angry about that.

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Summarize the five grievances in one sentence each
Write a note about it in your notebook.

Slide 18 - Open vraag

the 5 main grievances:
(Write them in your notebook)
  1. Enlightenment gave the colonists ideas that they should have a say in how they were governed
  2. the colonists helped the British in the 7 years War, but their loyalty was not rewarded with more rights
  3. British troops were stationed in the colonies and the colonists had to pay for their living expenses
  4. colonists could only trade with Britain (mercantilism)
  5. Britain made laws without asking the colonists about them

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Things get worse
 The colonists had always secretly traded (with each other and foreigners) without paying duty. They did far more of this after 1764. So the British passed laws allowing soldiers to search homes and warehouses at any time for 'smuggled goods. The colonists also boycotted British goods. In 1764, the colonies bought £2,250,000 worth of British goods. In 1765, this was down to £1,944,000. The British replied by increasing duties on sugar.

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

To boycot a certain product means that you
A
refuse to buy this product
B
only buy this product
C
want to sell this product
D
don't want to sell this product

Slide 21 - Quizvraag

Breaking Point
In 1765, the British passed the Stamp Act. It taxed all 
paper - from official documents to playing cards. People said this showed the British would never give them more rights. There were demonstrations, many of them violent, against the tax all over the colonies. Colonists began to 
divide into Loyalists (loyal to Britain) and Patriots
The local governments of the colonies began to act as a group. They formed militia (see picture) and Patriot groups 
(Sons of Liberty) to work secretly against the British. 
Representatives from the states met at the Stamp 
Act Congress in New York in 1765. In October they 
published A Declaration of Rights and Grievances. It 
began with an assurance of loyalty to the British king, 
then set out the reforms they wanted.

Slide 22 - Tekstslide

Loyalists were
A
British people who were loyal to the colonial governments
B
Colonists who were loyal to the Patriots
C
members of the Loyal Society
D
Colonists who were loyal to Britain

Slide 23 - Quizvraag

Patriots were
A
British people who were loyal to the colonial governments
B
Colonists who opposed British rule
C
Colonists who were born in England
D
Colonists who were loyal to Britain

Slide 24 - Quizvraag

What was a Militia?
A
the British army
B
the American colonial army
C
a temporary army of local people
D
merchants who sell weapons

Slide 25 - Quizvraag

Who were the "Sons of Liberty"?
A
colonists who worked secretly against the British
B
colonists who worked secretly with the British
C
small boys whose mother was called "liberty"
D
people who wanted to free American slaves

Slide 26 - Quizvraag

Which statement is true?
A
colonists were represented in British Parliament
B
The Stamp Act only taxed stamps
C
colonists were allowed to trade with foreigners
D
colonists demonstrated against British taxes

Slide 27 - Quizvraag

Too little, too late
The Declaration was sent to the British in December 1765. 
British governors wrote frantic letters home about the riots and demonstrations. So the Stamp Act was repealed. But, in 1767, the British passed new laws putting duties on glass, oil, lead, paint and paper - all goods in everyday use that would go up in price. Bad feeling between the colonists and the British grew worse. There were regular demonstrations and outbreaks of violence against the British and their troops. Then, in 1770, British soldiers shot five unarmed civilians during a protest in Boston (see video). The Sons of Liberty reacted by more sabotage against British soldiers and ships. In 1773, they attacked and burned the Gaspée, a British ship. 

Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Slide 29 - Link

1770 Boston Massacre

Slide 30 - Tekstslide

You watched the video of the Boston Massacre.
Explain how the events in the video differ from the painting.
Use elements from the painting to explain your answer.
Then write one sentence to express your view on the likely effect of the painting on the events that were to follow.

Slide 31 - Open vraag

painting Boston Massacre
In the video you saw that the British soldiers were ordered not to open fire. The soldiers felt threatened and intimidated by the shouting colonists.
One soldier fired in panick and the rest followed.

The painting shows unarmed colonists and soldiers who open fire as if ordered by their officer (holds up a stick like he gioves the order to open fire). It looks like an execution of innocent colonists.

When the painting spread it caused much anger with the colonists.

Slide 32 - Tekstslide

The Boston Tea Party
In December 1773, three British ships reached Boston with cargoes of tea. 

On the evening of 16 December, over 
100 Sons of Liberty, many disguised as Native Americans, boarded the ships and threw the tea overboard.

Slide 33 - Tekstslide

Slide 34 - Link

Slide 35 - Link

Why were many colonists who were involved in the Boston Tea Party dressed as indians?

Slide 36 - Open vraag

Why were many colonists who were involved in the Boston Tea Party dressed as indians?
They did not want to be recognised by the British

Slide 37 - Tekstslide

What did the colonists who dressed up as Indians want to express?

Slide 38 - Open vraag

What did the colonists who dressed up as Indians want to express?
They wanted to show they felt more like Americans than British

Slide 39 - Tekstslide

Reactions to the Boston Tea Party
When they heard about events in Boston, people in other ports started throwing tea into the sea. 

In 1774, 
the British passed the four 'Intolerable Acts'. 

1.) The Boston Harbor was closed. No ships could enter or leave. 
2.) Colonist could not hold town meetings whenever they wanted. They were only allowed 1 meeting per year. 
3.) British officials and soldiers accused of crimes would have their trials in England. 
4.) Citizens were forced to have soldiers sleep in their homes (Quartering Act). 

Slide 40 - Tekstslide

Slide 41 - Tekstslide

war
On 19 April 1775, the British army met at Lexington to march to Concorde and take the Patriot weaponry they thought was hidden there. 
The Lexington militia fired at them. 
The British moved on to Concorde where there was more fighting. Massachusetts was at war with Britain. The fighting spread to other colonies. What would happen next?

Slide 42 - Tekstslide

Slide 43 - Link

Main Events

Write these events  in chronological order in your notebook. 
Include the dates. You can also put them in a timeline.
Of every event write whether it was a British or colonist action
  • Intolerable Acts
  • Declaration of Rights and Grievances
  • Stamp Act
  • Boston Massacre
  • Lexington militia attacks       British troops
  • Sons of Liberty burn the Gaspée
  • Boston Tea Party

Slide 44 - Tekstslide

main events chronologically
1765: Stamp Act (British)
1765: Declaration of Rights and Grievances (Patriots)
1770: Boston Massacre (British)
1773: Sons of Liberty burn the Gaspée (Patriots)
1773: Boston Tea Party (Patriots)
1774: Intolerable Acts (British)
1775: Lexington militia attacks British troops (Patriots)


Slide 45 - Tekstslide

Choose two events as "the start" of the American Revolution. Explain both choices.

Slide 46 - Open vraag

important words
independence
to boycot
militia
patriots
loyalists
to billet
sabotage
to repeal

Slide 47 - Tekstslide

summarise this lesson in 4 sentences

Slide 48 - Open vraag

summary:
(make note about this)
  1. Britain had 13 colonies in America
  2. The colonists were angry because they were taxed, but were not represented in British Parliament
  3. There were demonstrations and actions by colonists to which the British responded with more taxes.
  4. In 1775 this led to war between the Patriots and the British

Slide 49 - Tekstslide

iPads in education

Slide 50 - Woordweb

male stereotypes?

Slide 51 - Woordweb