TTO1 - History (Bricks) - Late Middle Ages

Question 2:
What was the feudal system?
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Slide 1: Open vraag
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In deze les zitten 54 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 2 videos.

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Question 2:
What was the feudal system?

Slide 1 - Open vraag

STOP! WAIT!
Mrs. den Boer intermezzo

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Just to be sure...
  • In the Early Middle very few could read and write (basically only monks and nuns, not even all the nobility) 
  • Due to this, the church has had a lot of influence on the information that we have from that time 
  • Coins were hardly used as payment in Europe. You bartered mainly (see chapter 2, TB 31) 
  • Travel was dangerous, but not uncommon. It was, as far as we can gather, mainly done by water, which was safer and quicker

Slide 3 - Tekstslide


















Paragraph 6.3 - Development of new cities

Today 

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Slide 5 - Video

How will a virus succesfully spread and lead to a pandemic?
A
The virus needs to be airborn (spread via the air)
B
The virus is airborn and people live in close proximity
C
The virus is transmitted by close physical contact

Slide 6 - Quizvraag

Try to think of a reason why it was possible to move back to the cities at the start of the Late Middle Ages (1000 AD)

Slide 7 - Open vraag

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Heavy iron plow

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

More 'momom'
People cannot live in cities if there is not enough food. After the year 1000, food production really increased. Land was used more effectively after the three-field system was introduced. To keep the land fertile, two out of every three pieces of land were used to grow crops. One piece of land lay fallow. This means that nothing was grown on it. It was left to recover naturally. The three-field system changed the world of farming: Farmers were able to produce more and a greater variety of food.Furthermore, the invention of the heavy plough in combination with the use of horses made it possible to tear up fertile soil. Horses were much stronger than the oxen that had been used before. It allowed farmers to plough deeper and faster. Landlords and monasteries cut down forests and turned rough terrain and swamps into new land that could be used for farming as well.

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Write down three ways
to increase food production
in the Late Middle Ages

Slide 11 - Woordweb

Click on the cause that you consider the most important for urbanisation to take place
Farmers use new tools and farming methods, so less people are needed to work the land
Farmers use new tools and farming methods, therefore foodproduction increases
Forests and swamps are turned into arable land. Because of this food production increases

Slide 12 - Poll

It should all sound familiar. Where did we encounter this process before?
A
Prehistory
B
Antiquity
C
Early Middle Ages

Slide 13 - Quizvraag

So... if this repeat and play, what do we see next?
A
Specialisation
B
Travel
C
Central government
D
Voting

Slide 14 - Quizvraag

Craftsmen and guilds

  • In order to control the training of new craftsmen, the quality of the products  (and prices of products) guilds were organised
  • Guilds were associations of people who had the same job
  • A guild also provided help to its members if somebody got injured, or died
  • And guilds were also clubs where members met, discussed business and held (religious) celebrations together

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

The tailors guild
The cloth guild
The bakers' guild

Slide 16 - Sleepvraag


The Hanseatic League
  • Most cities had a square where daily markets were held
  • The biggest market was the annual market, which lasted a few weeks (only in large cities) 
  • Many traders travelled from fair to fair
  • A group of cities in Europe worked together to get more trade
  • They called their association the Hanseatic League

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

Read the source
“We wish to let all people from Hamburg know that we have made an agreement with our friends, the citizens of Lübeck. The new silver coins which are now being minted in our city, and likewise in Lübeck, should weigh thirty-nine grams less than two silver coins to the mark. To make sure the new coins will last, the silver shall be mixed with half an ounce of copper.
Our friends from Lübeck have equally agreed that they will not mint any other new silver coins except these. We have agreed that we will not mint any other new silver coins without their consent. If it should happen that both our landlords, the Counts, should die, the citizens of Lübeck shall not hold us under suspicion.
To make sure that this agreement between us and the citizens of Lübeck may not be changed or broken, we have presented the citizens of Lübeck with this charter.”

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Explain in your own words what was agreed between the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg.


Slide 20 - Open vraag

Can you give a modern example of such an agreement?

Slide 21 - Open vraag

How did the citizens of Lübeck and Hamburg both profit from this agreement?

Slide 22 - Open vraag

Slide 23 - Video

Today
Paragrapgh 6.4 - Cities fight for freedom

Slide 24 - Tekstslide

City rights 
Privileges and city rights

Of course, cities did not like paying high taxes. They discussed this with their landlords or bishops. In return for their financial support, they wanted a number of privileges. These were special rights, such as the permission to organise markets, store goods, build or expand city walls or receive exemption from military service. It was even better if they received a city charter. This was a special contract with city rights. City rights gave cities some degree of self-government. They were allowed to uphold and create their own laws.

Slide 25 - Tekstslide

Old cities and new cities

Most city charters were granted by landlords, because they needed the money.
At first, each city had its own unique city charter. This caused many differences between cities. As the number of cities with city charters increased, landlords strived to give new cities the same set of rights as older cities.
The city rights of the oldest or most important cities in a region were commonly used as an example for the rights of other cities in that region. If there were legal problems about a certain law, the older city could be visited to request an explanation for that law.

Slide 26 - Tekstslide

What were the advantages of city rights for the people of the city?
A
They could get more money out of the lord
B
They could pay for their own events, like a celebration for the Virgin Mary
C
They could organise their own markets or build city walls
D
They could pay for their own armies

Slide 27 - Quizvraag

What were the advantages of city rights for the landlords?
A
They had a wealthy city that could pay a lot of taxes
B
More rights meant more wealth and therefor more taxes

Slide 28 - Quizvraag

What is a privilege?
A
Mrs. Den Boer's teacher chair
B
Your student chairs
C
The open windows during winter
D
The posters on the wall of the classroom

Slide 29 - Quizvraag

What would you prefer?
A privilege from the landlord, because...
A city charter from the landlord, because...

Slide 30 - Poll

A city could be considered a third power in the medieval society besides the king and landlord. Why?
A
Both the king and the vassel could claim the loyalty of the city
B
The city could start an independent state
C
Whoever had the support of the cities could raise a larger army

Slide 31 - Quizvraag

After the year 1000, cities had grown and more people started to move from the countryside to towns and cities. What is the name of this process?

Slide 32 - Open vraag

Put in the correct order
Cities receive city rights
The three-field system is introduced
Cities become more powerful than their landlords
Marketplaces grow to become cities 
Food surpluses are exhanged

Slide 33 - Sleepvraag

Kidnap the count!
Peasants are mad!
Landlords were mad!

Slide 34 - Poll

Count Floris of Holland
  • The Count of Holland who is most well-known for granting city rights during the Middle Ages was Floris V (1254-1296). Floris was very popular among the peasants. He gave them swamps that could be turned into farming land. Using ditches and dykes he also reclaimed land from the sea. Some of this was done at the expense of the nobles. The West-Frisians, the people who lived in the North of Holland at that time, even called him ‘Der keerlen God’: God of the peasants. After a failed attempt to conquer the West-Frisians, he gave the local peasants many privileges. The landlords hated him for that. To increase his territory, Floris worked together with peasants and cities. They fought many landlords. In return, Floris granted many cities such as Gouda city rights.
In 1296, three rebellious landlords captured Floris and locked him up in Muiderslot Castle. His kidnappers were afraid of the angry people and tried to move to a safer place. A large group of angry peasants stopped them and tried to help Floris escape. Their attempt failed: Floris was killed.Make exercise 6 

Slide 35 - Tekstslide

Why was Count Floris V kidnapped by other landlords?
A
Count Floris V granted city rights to many cities. The landlords lost influence and income because of this.
B
Count Floris became too powerful due to his marriage to the duchess of Utrecht.
C
The other landlords were playing 'Hunted' with Floris and they found him

Slide 36 - Quizvraag

Why did peasants try to help him escape? In your explanation, use the phrase ‘Keerlen God’. (Keerlen = peasants)

Slide 37 - Open vraag

Two sources
In 1190, Count Philips of Flanders, granted the following privileges to the people of Kortrijk:
“I grant that all serfs who stay in the city of Kortrijk shall be given their freedom. In return, they shall have to pay two silver coins tax to the Church each year, six coins for marriage and twelve coins when they die.
If one of my serfs who does not live in this city, shall move to Kortrijk, he shall be free to do so and live freely among the burghers.”

In 1252, the Countess of Flanders, granted the following privilege to the serfs in Flanders:
“All serfs on our manors are given their freedom. Their homes on the manors will, from now on, be their own property. We free them from their peasant obligations. In return, all serfs shall have to pay us three silver coins per year. Each woman shall have to pay one silver coin per year.”

Slide 38 - Tekstslide

Do you think that Philips’ privileges caused more or less people to move to Kortrijk? Explain your answer.
More
Less

Slide 39 - Poll

What did the Countess of Flanders try to prevent by giving the serfs on the manors their freedom?

Slide 40 - Open vraag

”The development of cities also gave the people in the countryside more freedom.” Use the sources to back up this statement.

Slide 41 - Open vraag

Citypower!
When a city was given city rights in areas that are now part of the Netherlands and Belgium, the landlord would at first appoint a group of people to govern the city. They were called ‘schepenen’. A schepen was someone who possessed land in the city. They solved crimes, made and upheld laws, kept the cities safe, collected taxes and organised the cities’ defences. A schout was appointed by the landlord as the head of the schepenen. By appointing the schout and schepenen himself, the landlord was able to keep some control over the cities. Sometimes the citizens of a city were allowed to elect their own schepenen. The landlord still had to agree with their choice however.
Later, a city council of rich citizens was added. The members of this council were chosen by the citizens. Together with the schout and schepenen, they governed the city.

Slide 42 - Tekstslide

Living in a city was very different from living on the countryside. People who lived in cities were free. They were called burghers. Many serfs tried to escape from their manors to live in the cities. If serfs stayed in a city for more than a year, they could become burghers as well.
In the cities, there were huge differences between rich and poor people. The burghers can be divided in three groups. Merchants and masters of a guild were among the richest people. They were often part of the city council and controlled the cities. Important positions were kept in the family. Next there was the middle class, made up out of craftsmen and shopkeepers. Finally there were the common workers and beggars.

Slide 43 - Tekstslide

Who would appoint the schepenen?
A
The people living within the city
B
The landlord
C
The king or count

Slide 44 - Quizvraag

A schepen is...
A
someone who possessed land in the city
B
someone appointed by the landlord to live in the city

Slide 45 - Quizvraag

What did a schepen do?
A
Crime fighter, policeman, taxcollector and defence organisor
B
Governing the city by making laws and upholding them
C
Set up policy for the guilds, collect taxes to pay the cityservants

Slide 46 - Quizvraag

What is a schout?
A
Like a scout with football, scouting for governing talent
B
The highest function with the schepenen
C
Head of the policy force within the city

Slide 47 - Quizvraag

Who were in the city council?
A
The schepenen and the schout
B
The rich citizens
C
The rich citizens and the schout
D
The schepenen, the schout and the rich citizens

Slide 48 - Quizvraag

Who governed the city?
A
The schepenen and the schout
B
The rich citizens
C
The rich citizens and the schout
D
The schepenen, the schout and the rich citizens

Slide 49 - Quizvraag

People in city were...
A
free
B
bound to the landlord

Slide 50 - Quizvraag

Serfs fled from the city to the manors
A
True
B
False

Slide 51 - Quizvraag

If you stayed in the city for a year and a day, you would become a burgher of the city
A
True
B
False

Slide 52 - Quizvraag

Common workers and beggars
Merchants and masters of the guilds
Middle class of craftsman shopkeepers 

Slide 53 - Sleepvraag

Ranking
Which is the most important to people in the Medieval cities according to you and why? 
  1. The right to make laws for people who lived in the city.
  2. The right to charge tolls for outsiders who wanted to stay in the city.
  3. The right to mint own coins.
  4. Exemption from military service.
  5. The right to build a defence wall around the city.
  6. The right to hold markets and receive income from them.

Slide 54 - Tekstslide