Essential Reading Strategies for Academic Writing
Essential Reading Strategies for Academic Writing
What can be challenging when reading for an assignment?
Why is Reading Crucial for Academic Writing?
Effective reading helps you:
find valuable information
strengthen your arguments
reference sources accurately in essays and projects.
Why do I need sources in writing?
You must show that you have read around the subject and can conduct independent research
You can select and prioritise appropriate sources and information, filtering out what is/ is not needed
You can harness evidence in support of your views/arguments.
You can consider and evaluate arguments/counter arguments and integrate these into your own argument.
Text
What sources of evidence could be useful?
Data and statistics
Direct quotation from primary or secondary sources
Summary of an idea from a primary or secondary source
Paraphrasing something rom a primary or secondary source
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
Skim a text to decide if it is relevant and worthy of close reading
Scan a sample text for the 'gist' identifying key sites of meaning in sentences and clauses.
Closely read a document using active reading strategies.
What types of sources should I use?
Use only peer-reviewed, quality academic resources
Steer clear of mass-media publications and websites
Textbooks tend to provide an introduction to the subject rather than a piece of orginal academic research
Journal articles present up-to-date research
Edited collections are academically robust
Skimming a text: why?
Great technique to use to get a sense of the 'big picture', overall structure and content very quickly
Helps you to find relevant information quickly
Helps you decide if the document is worthy of close reading.
Skimming a text: how?
Title and subtitles
Abstract or synopsis
Contents page: chapter titles
Index
Subheadings
Imagery
Introductions
Conclusions
Topic sentences
Skim reading activity
In 4 minutes, skim read the following text. Solely read the following:
Title and subtitles
Abstract or synopsis
Contents page: chapter titles
Index
Subheadings
Imagery
Introductions
Conclusions
Topic sentences
minute
second
Activity
Write a short summary of what the article is about having skim read it. Write only a few sentences.
Scanning
Scan a text when you need to find specific bits of information quickly
This information is usually something you already know about
What helps when scanning?
Index page or contents page
Use your finger to move over the text
Scanning for the gist
Looking quickly though paragraphs and particularly sentences, to understand the gist of what is going on
Look at topic sentences or an index to find specific pieces of information
Human eye uses peripheral vision to see items wither side of the main focus, and can see between 5 and 7 words at any one time
Next identify key sites of information within individual sentences
Scan for 3 elements: the topic, the action and specific detail
This gives you the gist of the overall picture
Let's look at some examples
Scanning for the gist - topic, action, specific detail
Despite its popularity, social media has become an insidious, negative and highly addictive means of disseminating fake news.
'The culture industry as a whole has moulded men as a type unfailingly reproduced in ever product' (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1999, p.35)
'The unconscious - that is to say the "repressed" - offers no resistance whatever to the efforts of the treatment' (Freud, 2015, p.13)
Activity
Go to the section "Research Films Made by Industry"
Highlight the topic word, action and detail of each sentence in that paragraph.
Activity
Summary of skimming and scanning: https://wordwall.net/resource/64631137
Closely read a document using active reading strategies.
Read for a maximum of 5 minutes and then take a 1 minute break
Try to summarise (in one or two words) each paragraph before your break to 'reset' your mind
After each break, take a few seconds to re-read the one or two word summaries you have written about the preceding paragraphs to 're-orientate' yourself into the big picture.