TTO1 - Chapter 3 History (Bricks) - Ancient Rome

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• Leerjaar 1

Ancient Rome

Planning

           Topics of this period: 

- Early Rome

- Wars of the Roman Republic

- The Roman Empire

- Roman culture & religion

- Christianity

How was Rome founded?

Rome was founded, according to a legend, by two brothers named Romulus and Remus. 

Their story involves everything Romans thought of as important and essential.

The Roman Republic 

• The word republic is derrived from Latin: res publica. It means
  "matters for the people"

• So on paper a republic is a democracy

• ...but in practise only a few people rule. This was called: aristocracy

The Roman Republic

• The Roman Republic is ruled by the Senate ('council of wise old men'). These were rich Romans. 

• The people choose two consuls

every year.

• They were the rulers and head of the Senate in the Republic

The three biggest groups in Rome:

People's tribune

In order to protect the 'less powerful' Plebeians, the People's tribune, chosen from the Plebeian assembly, had the power to stop unfair rules made by the patricians. 
Stopping it was called a veto.

This man was a "people's tribune"

CLIL time! Use of English

- Create three sentences using all
the keywords from chapter 3.1 

Done?

- Summarize 3.1
- Summarize 3.2 
- What's new in 3.1? Write it down!

What were the words or sentences you didn't understand? Write them down!

Rehearsal

What are: 

- Consuls

- The Senate

- Dictator

- Republic

- Patricians

4.2 Wars of the Republic

Carthage

- Competitor in trade

- Carthage ruled the Northern parts of Africa, parts of Spain and ruled the Mediterranean sea

- They were a very strong powerhouse Rome had to deal with. 

Hannibal Barca

- Famous general from Carthage

- After losing the first war against Rome, Carthage waged war a second time. 

- Hannibal took a very surprising route to attack Rome...

- He also took a secret weapon with him. 

Hannibal and Carthage beaten 146 BC

Birth of an empire - 4.3 

Civil Wars in Rome

133 BC. -  44 BC.

• A lot of people wanted to rule this powerful and vast "imperium"
• The noble Romans started to fight eachother in order to become the next ruler.  Julius Caesar was asked to stop this CIVIL WAR by becoming a dictator.

Julius Caesar assassinated!

• Julius Caesar became more powerful. After he became a dictator to stop the civil war, he started to increase his power in Rome... but not for long!
• On the 15th of March in 44 BC, all senators stabbed him to death. 
• But who was going to follow up the great Caesar? 

Octavian takes revenge

44 BC.

• Julius' adopted son, Octavian, took revenge!
• One by one he eliminated his enemies. 
• Even his former companion Marc Anthony and his lover Cleoparta.

Imperator Caesar Augustus

27 BC - 14 AD.

In 27 BC, Octavian crowned himself "Augustus" (the honoured one)

He became Rome's first emperor. In his own words he was a "Caesar", this later became the name for a emperor in other languages. 

After Augustus came to power, was Rome in reality a republic or a monarchy? Explain your answer!

What was Augustus' real name?

1. Julius
2. Caesar
3. Octavian
4. Marius

Who was Augustus' famous uncle?

1. Hannibal
2. Romulus
3. Caesar
4. Gaius Marius

Despite getting a lot of power, people liked Augustus! Why?

The Roman Empire

(27 BC -  476 AD)

• Rome was an empire for about 5 centuries. 
• In that time about 80 emperors ruled Rome.
• Around  476 AD the Western part of the Roman Empire fell.

Limes (... no, not the fruit!)

• After Caesar's death, Octavian conquered the last parts of the Roman Empire
• They often used natural borders like: oceans, rivers, mountains and deserts.
• But if they had to build border protection in the form of walls, fortresses and fortifications, we called these borders limes. 

Europe's relief map

Roman Empire

<-- Natural borders -v

Artificial borders 
-> Limes 

Romanisation

= to become more like the Romans

Rome conquered a lot of different countries and regions, where other cultures were mostly dominant. 

When Rome occupied these regions, their culture was spread across the land as well. 

What are typical characteristics
of the Roman culture?

3.4 Roman Culture

Very diverse topics and habits characterize the Roman culture. 
- Patricians and Plebeians

- Gladiators in the amphitheatre
- Thermae
- Roman Gods
- Romanisation

The three biggest groups in Rome:

They fought in these large stadiums called 'amphitheatres'

This is the biggest one: The Colosseum

Ancient Roman bath houses are called Thermae, they were loved and often visited by most Romans

Gladiators

- Usually slaves

- Fought for entertainment of the people

- Had the same status as superstars
- The People were happy as long as they had 'Bread & Games'
(according to some emperors)

The Roman Gods 

Do some look familliar?

What were the most influential and rich people called in Rome?

1. Plebeians
2. Patricians
3. Slaves
4. Gladiators

Gladiators were actually.....?

1. Slaves
2. Soldiers
3. Patricians
4. Plebeians

What does the saying 'Bread and Games' mean?

Name three Gods
of the Roman pantheon