H5 - week 51 - grammar

• Engels
• Middelbare school

Today's objectives

• Word order/adverbs
• Some/any/no/compound words

Adverbs/Word order

Affirmative sentence: S/V/O (She wrote a letter)

Questions: V/S/O (Did she write a letter?)

1) P before T (place BEFORE time) - beginning or end of sentence (emphasis) (more specific BEFORE les specific)

2) Short adverbs:

• 1 verb-> before V (He often works late / He works really late sometimes!)
  
• 2 verbs -> after 1st V (He can really be nice if he wants to/ He can be really nice if he wants to -> difference in meaning)
  
• to be -> after form of "to be" (He is really not that kind)
  
• questions -> after S (Did she really care?)
  

3) Longer adverbs:

After verb/beginning or end of sentence (emphasis) (if adverb modifies an adjective -> before adjective: She was a really nice girl)

Adverbs of frequency

General rule:

Adverbs of frequency (seldom/rarely/often/never) are put:

• directly before the main verb (1 verb in sentence)  -> I seldom go out. I never eat meat.
  
• after the form of  'be' (if this is the only verb) -> She was rarely there. He is never alone.
  
• after the auxiliary verb if there are more verbs in the sentence -> She will always be daddy's little girl. They've never forgotten it.
  

Adverbs of manner /place

General rule:

Place adverbs of manner (how sth. is done) & adverbs of place right after the direct object or (if direct object is missing) after the main verb

Manner:

She gave the book hesitantly. / She spoke hesitantly.

She answered him elaborately. /  She answers elaborately.

They sealed the letter carefully. / She reads carefully.

Place:

She left the book behind in the library. / She stayed behind in the library.

I couldn't see him there. / I couldn't see over there.

Adverbs modifying adjectives/adverbs

General rule:

Place adverbs modifying adjectives before the adjective/adverb

She gave the book really hesitantly

She is a well-dressed person

It was a barely accurate answer. (no hyphens with -LY modifiers)

Adverbs/Word order

Review exercises B/C/D/E/F

Blue booklet p. 35-36

https:

Some/Any (& compound words)

Some:

• Affirmative sentences (bevestigende zinnen)
  
• Answer is expected to be "yes" -> Could you lend me some money?
  
• Polite/rethorical questions -> Is there someone out there?
  
• Meaning:
  

      Een zekere/een of andere -> Some guy asked me for my number.

      Ongeveer -> There were some 100 people at the party.

Any:

• Negative sentences (ontkennende zinnen) -> I didn't see anyone out there.
  
• In combination with negative words (ontkennende woorden) -> There are hardly any people left. / Is there anything you do around here?
  
• Answer is expected to be "no" or uncertain -> You don't happen to have any cash on you, do you?
  
• Affirmative sentences: no -> We didn't have any money left/We didn't see it anywhere  -> We had no money left./We saw it nowhere.

Some/any/compound words

Do exercises A/B/C

Blue booklet p. 37-38