2JAM 11-1-2023

Modals in the passive voice

• We use the passive voice when we don’t know who or what is responsible for an action, or it might not be important, or we want to emphasise the importance of an action rather than the person/thing responsible for doing it
• Modal verbs indicate ability, obligation, lack of obligation, necessity, permission, possibility, prohibition or recommendation
  

Necessity

• We use need to/have to/must + be + past participle to talk about past events that are necessary
• This costumer still needs to be reminded to sign this form
  
• They have to be helped with planning the project
  
• These forms must be finished before next week
  

Which one is correct?

1. this expense needs to explained as it wasn't approved
2. this expense needs to be explained as it wasn't approved

recommendations

• We also use both have to and must for strong recommendations
• His works must be checked before it's handed in
• The expense reports have to be sent, the deadline has already past

Which one is correct?

1. the pitch must be done during the presentation
2. the pitch must be doing during the presentation

obligations

• we use have to more frequently for external rules, and must more frequently for obligations we maker for ourselves 
• according to government regulations, these policies have to be followed when we lend money to clients
• the training must be evaluated by this afternoon as I am leaving tomorrow on holiday