Recap Chapter 3 Regents and monarchs

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Chapter 3 

Regents and Monarchs

Time of Wigs and Revolutions

Time of Regents and Monarchs

Time of Discoverers 

and Reformers

Time of Citizens and 

Steam Engines

1500 - 1600

1600 - 1700

1700 - 1800

1800 - 1900

The Sun King welcomes you!

The reign of Louis XIV could also be called absolutism. What is that?

1. Explain the connection between the keywords "absolutism" and "divine right of kings"

French protestants were called ...

1. Calvinists
2. Huguenots
3. Lutherans
4. Catholics

What is the Glorious Revolution (1688)?

1. James II went into exile in France, no bloodshed
2. James II went into exile in Scotland, no bloodshed
3. James II went into exile in Ireland, no bloodshed
4. James II into exile in Wales, no bloodshed

Glorious Revolution 1688

• Parliament invited James II's daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orange to be the new sovereigns.
• King James overthown - exile in France.
• 'Glorious' = bloodless revolution.
• William III and Mary II become joint monarchs.

Disaster Year 1672

The Republic was attacked from 3 sides:

- the Germans came from the east

- the British attacked from the west

- the French invaded from the south

Only a stadtholder (general) could save the Republic now.

William III was appointed. He succesfully ended the war. Johan de Witt was murdered.

The Oranges now became more important...

7c. Put the events in the correct chronological order

William III was appointed stadtholder.

Johan and Cornelis de Witt were executed

Because of the French invasion, people called out for a stadtholder. 

William III proved to be a good military Leader and ended the war with France. 

 Johan de Witt resigned as grand pensionary. 

What do you know about the Dutch Golden Age?

Amsterdam: centre of world trade

• Merchant or commercial capitalism = A way of making money in which merchants try to make as much profit as possible through trade.
  

• Merchants bought raw materials from distant lands, let workers turn them into products and then sold the products at a profit.
  

• Profit (capital) was invested in new ships, products or exploring new shipping routes.

Amsterdam becomes the most important trading city

• During the fifteenth and sixteenth 

century Antwerp was the centre of world trade.

• Change > Transfer of trade from Antwerp to 

Amsterdam (main port of the Netherlands.

Causes:

1. Fall of Antwerp 
2. New inventions (fluyt = fluitschip, 

       new type of windmills)

1.2 First multinationals

small Dutch companies started sailing to the East Indies, however they had to compete with a lot of other Dutch companies and the lowered their prices to sell their goods. 

In 1602 the States General dicided to join all the small companies into one big one: The Dutch East India Company, the VOC. The VOC had a monopoly in the trade with East India.

overview Dutch trading posts and colonies

click for interactive map

6a) What was the main reason the VOC decided to
colonize the trading posts in the East Indies?

Famous Dutch painters

Who bought art?

• Wealthy citizens and city councils commissioned paintings (for example militia pieces).
• Shopkeepers and craftsmen could afford paintings as well. 

Well-known painters were: Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer, Frans Hals and Jan Steen.

freedom of conscience

- You can believe what you want but you can't express it. 

What is the heliocentric theory?

1. There is no sun
2. The sun is smaller than the Earth
3. The sun in the center of the universe
4. There is no moon

The ..A.. is a cause for ..B...

1. A. Enlightenment B. Scientific Revolution
2. A. Scientific Revolution B. Enlightenment

What doesn't match the Golden Age of the Republic?

1. Flourishing art
2. Scientific revolution
3. Growing trade and invention of steam engine
4. Growing trade and industry

Which two ways of doing research led to the Scientific Revolution?

1. empirical thinking and the Renaissance
2. empirical thinking and rationalism
3. positivism and the Renaissance
4. positivism and rationalism

The Scientific Revolution