2.3 America before Columbus- III

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Discovery and conquest

§ 2.2| The European Expansion begins

2.3 America before Columbus

Learning goals

In this paragraph you will learn:

•  which types of societies formed in America.
  
•  which civilisations there were and what was characteristic for them

Which types of societies were formed in America before the arrival of Columbus?

Where does the plant/animal originally come from?

America's

Europe

Potato

tomato

parrot

horse

cow

sugar cane

Peanuts

Agriculture

• Cows, horses, pigs and sheep were unknown in America.
  
• Llamas were unsuitable as draft animals and bison were untameable, so the wheel was not invented.

Other crops were grown than in Europe (corn, tomatoes, tobacco, potatoes)

First agricultural societies: 8000 B.C.

Later, agricultural urban societies with highly developed cultures emerged in Central and South America.

Three major agricultural urban societies

The Maya in Central America in dozens of city-states.

The Empire of the Aztecs in the Valley of Mexico.

The Inca Empire in the Andes Mountains in Cities.

Machu Picchu - Inca society

What can you tell about the Inca culture when you look at the Machu Picchu?

The Maya's (M-America)

• From 200-900 AD the Maya developed a highly developed culture in Central America
• They lived (like the ancient Greeks) in dozens of city-states that were constantly at war with each other

The Aztecs (Mexico)

• In 1325 the Aztecs founded their capital Tenochtitlan on an island in a large lake. They then subjugated other peoples.
  
• The Aztecs also believed in many gods, but especially worshiped the sun, where they gave many human sacrifices.
  
• It was one of the largest cities on Earth around the time of Columbus

What do you remember?

Of which empire was Tenochtitlan the capital ?

1. Mayans
2. Incas
3. Aztecs
4. Andes

Wat kenden de indianen niet voordat Columbus Amerika ontdekte

1. Aquaducten
2. Aardappelen
3. Lama's
4. Wielen

Which empire was founded in Peru in 1438? That of the...

1. Incas
2. Mayans
3. Conquistadores
4. Aztecs

Columbus discovers America

Magellaan travels around the world.

The first agricultural urban societies emerged in America

Cortés conquers and destroys Tenochtitlan

The Inca Empire is founded in Peru

Amerigo Vespucci

Learning goals

In this paragraph you will learn:

•  which types of societies formed in America.
  
•  which civilisations there were and what was characteristic for them

Answer in blue what you already know

Answer in red what you found in your textbook